Venereal Diseases of Bovine and Equine Flashcards
what are the 3 commonly transmitted bovine venereal diseases
- trichomoniasis
- campylobacteriosis
- ureaplasmosis
what are the 6 venereally transmitted equine diseases
1) equine coital exanthema (EHV-3)
2) equine viral arteritis
3) contagious equine metritis
4) pseudomonas
5) klebsiella
6) dourine (exotic to Canada)
all bovine venereal diseases cause (7)
1) infertility
2) low conception rate
3) low pregnancy check rate
4) sporadic abortions
5) long breeding season
6) long calving season
7) irregular cycle rate
Trichomoniasis
- what type of pathogen
- relative size
- type of membrane
- flagellated protozoal parasite
- size of an RBC
- undulating
what are the carriers of trichomoniasis and are they asymptomatic or symptomatic
bulls; asymptomatic
what area does trichomoniasis colonize in bulls
penis and prepuce
how is trichomoniasis transmitted
bulls riding eachother; bull to cow to bull; AI equipment; semen
what are signs of trichomoniasis in COWS (6)
- repeat breeders
- irregular estrus (sign of EED)
- post-breeding pyometra
- vaginitis
- endometritis
- open
what is the prognosis for trichomoniasis in cows and in bulls
- cows have a spontaneous recovery after 3 months
- bulls are asymptomatic carriers and must be culled
how can trichomoniasis be controlled (2)
- vaccination
- use AI
what is another name for campylobacteriosis
vibriosis
Campylobacteriosis
- name of causative agent
- type of pathogen
- campylobacter fetus spp. venerealis
- gram negative, motile, extracellular, microaerophilic rod
what is the outcome of campylobacteriosis in:
- young bulls
- old bulls
- young: will spread disease but then clear it and become free of infection
- old bulls will become asymptomatic carriers
where does campylobacteriosis live in mature bulls
epithelial crypts of penis and prepuce
how is campylobacteriosis spread
- bulls mounting other bulls
- bull to cow (to bull)
- infected AI equipment
what are the clinical signs of campylobacteriosis in cows (5)
- repeat breeders
- irregular estrus intervals (EED)
- open cows
- long breeding and calving seasons
- salpingitis and endometritis
what is the prognosis for campylobacteriosis in:
- cows
- young bulls
- old bulls
- cows: usually clear within 3-6 months and develop immunity
- young bulls: develop immunity
- old bulls: cull
how can we control campylobacteriosis
- cull infected older bulls
- use AI
- vaccination
Ureaplasmosis:
- name of agent
- size
- cell wall or no cell wall
- types of strains
- ureaplasmosis diversum
- small
- no cell wall
- virulent and non-virulent
where is ureaplasmosis a normal inhabitant in:
- cows
- bulls
- cows: vulva and vagina
- bulls: distal urethra, prepuce and semen
what disease does ureaplasmosis cause
granular vulvitis
what are the clinical signs of granular vulvitis in cows (3)
- inflammed and hyperemic vulva
- discrete raised red granules
- sticky, mucopurulent vulvar discharge
what happens if ureaplasmosis is introduced into the uterus
- mild endometritis +/- salpingitis
- EED due to these
besides granular vulvitis, what are other signs of ureaplasmosis in cows
- repeat breeders
- early embryonic death (normal estrus)
- late embryonic death (long estrus)
- abortions/placentitis
what are signs of ureaplasmosis in bulls
balanoposthitis
what is the prognosis of ureaplasmosis
- recurrent so it depends on management
- lives in semen, including frozen semen
what are ways to control ureaplasmosis
NO VACCINE
- AI with sheath or double rod technique
- infusion/douche with tetracycline