Feline Therio Flashcards
describe the estrus cycle of cats:
- seasonal/non-seasonal
- monoestrus/polyestrus
- induced or not
long day seasonal polyestrus, induced ovulators
when is the breeding season for cats (when does it begin and when does it peak)
begins Jan-Feb and peaks Feb-Mar
when do cats usually reach puberty
4-12mo or when 80% of bw reached, depending on the season
cats go into heat every ____ days when daylight is ____ long
4-30; 14h
what happens to GnRH secretion during short daylength in cats
pineal gland produces melatonin, which inhibits the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH -> inhibits downstream FSH/LF and steroid hormone production
T/F melatonin can be used to stop queens from cycling
T
describe proestrus in cats
only observed in a small number of queens, and if it occurs it lasts less than 2 days
what increases in proestrus in the feline estrus cycle
estrogen
what are behavioural signs of estrus in queens
1) lordosis
2) deviation of the tail
3) threading with hind legs
4) vocalization
5) head rubbing
how can we detect estrus in queens
1) behaviour
2) slight vulvar swelling
3) mucoid discharge
4) cornified epithelial cells but not helpful for predicting breeding
describe mating in cats
1) nose to nose
2) investigates perineal area / Flehmen
3) mount
4) threading
5) thrusting and ejaculation within 20s
6) pulls away quickly
7) after reaction from female (vocalized, rubs on floor, licks vulva)
what is the average duration of estrus in cats
5-6 days on average
how does the LH surge work in cats (what are the requirements)
induced by copulation but requires exposure to estrogen (female must be in heat)
T/F magnitude of cat LH surge increases with the number of copulations
T
ovulation occurs _______ hours post copulation in cats
24-48
how does diestrus occur in a queen
induced after estrus in a queen that has OVULATED
what hormone is dominant in diestrus in queens and how soon does it rise post-ovulation
progesterone; 24h later
how long does diestrus last in pseudopregnant queens
40d
what is the interestrus interval in queens
the period between one estrus and another in the queen that was not induced to ovulate
what happens during the interestrus period
estradol drops; no sexual behaviour
when is the optimal time to breed cats (age range)
1.5-7
are purebred or mixed breed queens more likely to be type B blood
purebred
ideally, should you bring the queen to the tom or the tom to the queen? what day of estrus should you breed on?
bring queen to tom; breed day 2
how does the queen placenta differ from bitches
no obvious marginal hematomas, but still endothelialchorial and zonary
when does prolactin increase in cat gestation
last 3rd of pregnancy and during lactation (differs from dogs)
T/F cats continue to have follicular waves during pregnancy
T; can see estrus behaviour, superfetation possible
what are ways to diagnose pregnancy in queens
1) pinking of nipples by day 14-18
2) ultrasound (day 24-25)
3) radiographs (same as dogs)
4) palpation (day 25-30)
what is the most common sign of stage 1 labor in cats? (do you remember what it is in dogs)
restlessness; panting
kittens should be delivered within ____ mins once noted at vulvar lips
15
T/F it can take up to 10-12h for passage of fetuses
T; but should still ensure everything is normal if over 3-4h
what cats are at increased risk of dystocia
purebred dolicocephalic and brachycephalic
is dystocia common or uncommon in cats
uncommon
what condition of dystocia is more common in cats than dogs
uterine torsion
what is the guideline for dystocia management in cats
ensure not obstructive: give oxytocin, if no response after 2 treatments go to C-section
how does c-section differ in queens vs bitches
wait for the last minute to pre-medicate the queen as kittens are hard to resuscitate
what postpartum condition is more common in cats than dogs? what is the treatment?
uterine prolapse; spay
queens begin cycling again within _______ weeks postpartum, but how does this differ?
2; anovulatory at start of lactation
when does benign mammary hyperplasia occur (what stage of cycle and in what age group)
occurs following ovulation -> diestrus; in cats 13 weeks - 2 year
what are the clinical signs of benign mammary hyperplasia
asymmetrical, firm, rapidly growing mammary tissue that may be ulcerated or bruised
how do we diagnose benign mammary hyperplasia
1) signalment
2) progesterone assay
3) clinical signs
4) biopsy in older cats (rule out neoplasia)
how do we treat benign mammary hyperplasia
remove progesterone source: OHE, aglepristone, luteolysis, abortion
intact cats have a ___x greater chance of developing mammary neoplasia
7x
what is the rate of metastasis in mammary neoplasia
50-70%
what are clinical signs of mammary neoplasia (malignant adenocarcinoma)
1) older cat
2) ropy lymphatics
3) 1+ mammary masses, firm, well or poorly demarcated
4) swollen nipples that may have exudate
how do we treat mammary neoplasia
- surgery
- chemo
- radiation
**met check important
what are the clinical signs of pyometra in cats
- not cycling
- depression
- vomiting
- PUPD
- distended abdomen
- may have vaginal discharge
T/F ovarian cysts are common in cats
T
how do we treat ovarian cysts in cats
- hCG
- surgical drainage
- OHE
it can be hard to distinguish what two conditions in cats
persistent estrus and estrogen-producing follicular cysts
