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Theriogenology > Feline Therio > Flashcards

Feline Therio Flashcards

1
Q

describe the estrus cycle of cats:
- seasonal/non-seasonal
- monoestrus/polyestrus
- induced or not

A

long day seasonal polyestrus, induced ovulators

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2
Q

when is the breeding season for cats (when does it begin and when does it peak)

A

begins Jan-Feb and peaks Feb-Mar

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3
Q

when do cats usually reach puberty

A

4-12mo or when 80% of bw reached, depending on the season

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4
Q

cats go into heat every ____ days when daylight is ____ long

A

4-30; 14h

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5
Q

what happens to GnRH secretion during short daylength in cats

A

pineal gland produces melatonin, which inhibits the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH -> inhibits downstream FSH/LF and steroid hormone production

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6
Q

T/F melatonin can be used to stop queens from cycling

A

T

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7
Q

describe proestrus in cats

A

only observed in a small number of queens, and if it occurs it lasts less than 2 days

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8
Q

what increases in proestrus in the feline estrus cycle

A

estrogen

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9
Q

what are behavioural signs of estrus in queens

A

1) lordosis
2) deviation of the tail
3) threading with hind legs
4) vocalization
5) head rubbing

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10
Q

how can we detect estrus in queens

A

1) behaviour
2) slight vulvar swelling
3) mucoid discharge
4) cornified epithelial cells but not helpful for predicting breeding

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11
Q

describe mating in cats

A

1) nose to nose
2) investigates perineal area / Flehmen
3) mount
4) threading
5) thrusting and ejaculation within 20s
6) pulls away quickly
7) after reaction from female (vocalized, rubs on floor, licks vulva)

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12
Q

what is the average duration of estrus in cats

A

5-6 days on average

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13
Q

how does the LH surge work in cats (what are the requirements)

A

induced by copulation but requires exposure to estrogen (female must be in heat)

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14
Q

T/F magnitude of cat LH surge increases with the number of copulations

A

T

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15
Q

ovulation occurs _______ hours post copulation in cats

A

24-48

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16
Q

how does diestrus occur in a queen

A

induced after estrus in a queen that has OVULATED

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17
Q

what hormone is dominant in diestrus in queens and how soon does it rise post-ovulation

A

progesterone; 24h later

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18
Q

how long does diestrus last in pseudopregnant queens

A

40d

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19
Q

what is the interestrus interval in queens

A

the period between one estrus and another in the queen that was not induced to ovulate

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20
Q

what happens during the interestrus period

A

estradol drops; no sexual behaviour

21
Q

when is the optimal time to breed cats (age range)

A

1.5-7

22
Q

are purebred or mixed breed queens more likely to be type B blood

A

purebred

23
Q

ideally, should you bring the queen to the tom or the tom to the queen? what day of estrus should you breed on?

A

bring queen to tom; breed day 2

24
Q

how does the queen placenta differ from bitches

A

no obvious marginal hematomas, but still endothelialchorial and zonary

25
Q

when does prolactin increase in cat gestation

A

last 3rd of pregnancy and during lactation (differs from dogs)

26
Q

T/F cats continue to have follicular waves during pregnancy

A

T; can see estrus behaviour, superfetation possible

27
Q

what are ways to diagnose pregnancy in queens

A

1) pinking of nipples by day 14-18
2) ultrasound (day 24-25)
3) radiographs (same as dogs)
4) palpation (day 25-30)

28
Q

what is the most common sign of stage 1 labor in cats? (do you remember what it is in dogs)

A

restlessness; panting

29
Q

kittens should be delivered within ____ mins once noted at vulvar lips

A

15

30
Q

T/F it can take up to 10-12h for passage of fetuses

A

T; but should still ensure everything is normal if over 3-4h

31
Q

what cats are at increased risk of dystocia

A

purebred dolicocephalic and brachycephalic

32
Q

is dystocia common or uncommon in cats

A

uncommon

33
Q

what condition of dystocia is more common in cats than dogs

A

uterine torsion

34
Q

what is the guideline for dystocia management in cats

A

ensure not obstructive: give oxytocin, if no response after 2 treatments go to C-section

35
Q

how does c-section differ in queens vs bitches

A

wait for the last minute to pre-medicate the queen as kittens are hard to resuscitate

36
Q

what postpartum condition is more common in cats than dogs? what is the treatment?

A

uterine prolapse; spay

37
Q

queens begin cycling again within _______ weeks postpartum, but how does this differ?

A

2; anovulatory at start of lactation

38
Q

when does benign mammary hyperplasia occur (what stage of cycle and in what age group)

A

occurs following ovulation -> diestrus; in cats 13 weeks - 2 year

39
Q

what are the clinical signs of benign mammary hyperplasia

A

asymmetrical, firm, rapidly growing mammary tissue that may be ulcerated or bruised

40
Q

how do we diagnose benign mammary hyperplasia

A

1) signalment
2) progesterone assay
3) clinical signs
4) biopsy in older cats (rule out neoplasia)

41
Q

how do we treat benign mammary hyperplasia

A

remove progesterone source: OHE, aglepristone, luteolysis, abortion

42
Q

intact cats have a ___x greater chance of developing mammary neoplasia

A

7x

43
Q

what is the rate of metastasis in mammary neoplasia

A

50-70%

44
Q

what are clinical signs of mammary neoplasia (malignant adenocarcinoma)

A

1) older cat
2) ropy lymphatics
3) 1+ mammary masses, firm, well or poorly demarcated
4) swollen nipples that may have exudate

45
Q

how do we treat mammary neoplasia

A
  • surgery
  • chemo
  • radiation

**met check important

46
Q

what are the clinical signs of pyometra in cats

A
  • not cycling
  • depression
  • vomiting
  • PUPD
  • distended abdomen
  • may have vaginal discharge
47
Q

T/F ovarian cysts are common in cats

A

T

48
Q

how do we treat ovarian cysts in cats

A
  • hCG
  • surgical drainage
  • OHE
49
Q

it can be hard to distinguish what two conditions in cats

A

persistent estrus and estrogen-producing follicular cysts

Theriogenology (24 decks)

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