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Theriogenology > Sheep and Goat Breeding Management > Flashcards

Sheep and Goat Breeding Management Flashcards

1
Q

when is puberty in sheep?

A

4-7mo

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2
Q

when is puberty in goats

A

3-7 mo

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3
Q

what is the age at first breeding for sheep and goats

A

6-8 months

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4
Q

what is the source of progesterone during pregnancy in sheep

A

CL and the placenta after day 75

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5
Q

what is the source of progesterone during pregnancy in goats

A

CL only

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6
Q

what is the gestation length in sheep?

A

144-151 days

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7
Q

what is the gestation length in goats

A

147-155 days

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8
Q

false pregnancy is (common/uncommon) in goats and (common/uncommon) in sheep

A

common; uncommon

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9
Q

the length of the estrus cycle in sheep is ___ days and in goats is ___

A

17; 21

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10
Q

are goats or sheep breed dependent when it comes to ovulation rate/prolificy

A

sheep

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11
Q

is estrus more subtle in sheep or goats

A

sheep

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12
Q

what estrus traits are common to both sheep and goats

A

both follow the male; both have vulvar swelling; both have mucus

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13
Q

when there is an increase in melatonin secretion after the spring equinox, how many days does it take for the hypothalamus to start secreting GnRH

A

45

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14
Q

T/F the first estrus is silent but fertile in sheep and goats; how does this compare to horses?

A

T; in horses, first estrus is obvious (long, irregular) but infertile (no LH receptors)

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15
Q

what stops cycling naturally in sheep and goats

A

when FSH fails to initiate a follicular wave due to insensitivity

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16
Q

how long do sheep and goats cycle for before entering seasonal anestrus

A

4 months

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17
Q

how long is the breeding exposure period in sheep and goats

A

30-42 days

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18
Q

sheep and goats breed naturally in the ______ give birth naturally in the _______

A

fall; spring

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19
Q

replacement ewe females are bred at what age

A

7 months

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20
Q

lambs/kids are weaned after how many days

A

approx 60

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21
Q

what are the two accelerated lambing programs

A

3 in 2 (3 pregnancies in 2 years) or Cornell Star (5 in 3)

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22
Q

what is the goal of accelerated lambing programs

A

to decrease or eliminate the open and dry period

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23
Q

what is the biggest hurdle with accelerated lambing programs

A

produces manage multiple groups that lamb at different times of the year, which requires a great deal of organizational management

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24
Q

dairy goats are bred ____ months into lactation

A

7

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25
Q

dairy goats are dried off after how many days of lactation and for how long

A

305d; 2 months

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26
Q

kids are removed

A

at birth

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27
Q

replacement doelings are bred at ______ months of age to kid at _______

A

7-10; 12-15

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28
Q

does are milked for how many months

A

10

29
Q

how long can buck kids be kept for

A

either sold right after birth or marketed after 4 months

30
Q

does are bred over ____ months and kid over ___ months

A

3; 3

31
Q

how do we prevent fluctuations in milk production due to the lactation curve

A

split groups into 2 and breed 1 in fall and 1 in spring

32
Q

what are the 3 main reasons for estrus cycle manipulation in sheep and goats

A

1) shorten the breeding/lambing window
2) more efficient use of labour and facilities
3) out of season breeding

33
Q

T/F most drugs in sheep and goats are used off-label

A

T

34
Q

what hormone for estrus synchronization is NOT approved in lactating dairy animals

A

MGA (oral progesterone)

35
Q

what hormones are available for estrus synchronization in sheep and goats?

A

1) oral progesterone (MGA)
2) intravaginal progesterone (CIDR)
3) injectable prostaglandin
4) injectable eCG and PMSG

36
Q

what exogenous hormones would be available for use to bring a goat/sheep out of the anestrus period

A

eCG or PMSG; progesterone

37
Q

what is estrumate

A

injectible PGF2α

38
Q

what is an important consideration for eCG regarding purchasing

A

different brands have different concentrations; easy for producers to give wrong dose if they switch brands

39
Q

what hormone can be mistakenly purchased in the wrong concentration due to varying concentrations between brands

A

eCG

40
Q

after PGF2α, estrus occurs in sheep within ______h and in goats within ______h

A

24-72; 56-72

41
Q

PGF2α have higher/lower fertility than progesterone programs

A

Lower

42
Q

the most effective PGF2α program is

A

double shot 9-11 days apart

43
Q

the LONG CIDR program is what duration in sheep? what duration in goats?

A

11-14 in sheep
14 in goat

44
Q

T/F you need to use eCG for the long CIDR program

A

F

45
Q

T/F you need to inject PGF2α at the end of the short CIDR program

A

T

46
Q

how soon after removing the CIDR do you introduce the ram

A

24h

47
Q

what is the ram to ewe ratio for a CIDR program

A

1:10

48
Q

why do we give PGF2α at the end of the short CIDR program

A

to eliminate any CLs that may still be present

49
Q

how long do you leave the CIDR in for a short program in sheep and in goats

A

sheep: 5 days min
goat: 7 days min

50
Q

describe the CIDR program to bring a sheep or goat out of anesturs

A

keep in for 5-7 days; give PGF2a 1-3 days before removal if you think some animals may be transitioning and give eCG upon removal to induce ovulation; introduce males 24h after removal

51
Q

what is the male:female ratio when using CIDRs or MGA to bring animals out of anestrus

A

1:5 - 1:7

52
Q

when using MGA for estrus synchronization, what is a consideration regarding additional hormone supplementation that depends on whether the females are anovulatory or ovulatory

A

if ovulatory you may or may not give eCG 8h after the last feeding; if anovulatory then giving eCG is necessary

53
Q

the duration of MGA feeding if animals are ovulatory is ________ and if animals are anovulatory is _________

A

11-14; 7-9

54
Q

for light manipulation to bring sheep/goats out of anestrus, from _____ to _____ you expose them to ______ light and then from ______ to ______ you expose them to ______ light

A

Dec - March; 16h; March - May; 8h

55
Q

T/F light manipulation works in sheep/goats during the transition period

A

F

56
Q

the male effect is best during __________ season; poor during _________ season, and variable during _________ season

A

transition; ovulatory; anovulatory

57
Q

If you wanted to bring a group of ewes out of the anovulatory period, what method would be the least effective:

a) CIDR program 5-7 days, give eCG upon removal
b) male effect
c) daylength effect
d) MGA program for 7-9 days, give eCG 8h after last feeding

A

b) male effect

58
Q

If you wanted to bring a group of ewes out of the transition period, what method would be best:

a) CIDR program 5-7 days, give eCG upon removal
b) male effect
c) daylength effect
d) MGA program for 7-9 days, give eCG 8h after last feeding

A

b) male effect

59
Q

for the teaser effect to work, what is critical about the male

A

new for at least 30 days and introduced abruptly

60
Q

what happens following introducing a new male to a group of ewes in transition

A

silent estrus in 2-3 days, followed by a behaviourally normal heat (vulvar swelling, discharge, follows ram, anorexia)

61
Q

non-sexually active ewes will ovulate within how many days after joining teasers

A

2-3 days

62
Q

how does the teaser ram program work

A

tease with male that is “new” as of the past 30 days; females have a silent estrus in 2-3 days; replace teaser male with fertile ram no later than 14 days after introducing teaser male

63
Q

for a teaser program what is the ratio of ram:ewes

A

1:20 - 1:25

64
Q

what 2 ways to ewes respond to ram teasing

A

1) mate within 3 weeks after teaser introduction
2) mate within 4 weeks after teaser introduction

65
Q

when some animals start to cycle ____% of the anestrus group will cycle as well

A

25

66
Q

with natural breeding, what percentage of ewes do we want to see pregnant within their first cycle

A

75%

67
Q

T/F CIDR losses are more common in nulliparous than multiparous ewes

A

T

68
Q
A

Theriogenology (18 decks)

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