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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Head/Neck 2022 (+Shelf) > Vasculature of Neck > Flashcards

Vasculature of Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the arteries of the neck?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk (on R only!)
Common carotid
Subclavian

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the subclavian artery?

A

Medial, deep, and lateral parts -> outlined via anterior scalene

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3
Q

What are the four branches of the subclavian artery?

A

Vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk

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4
Q

What are the two branches of the costocervical trunk?

A

Supreme intercostal -> supplies intercostal spaces downward
Deep cervical -> supplies the head

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5
Q

What is in 50% of people?

A

Descending dorsal scapular artery

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6
Q

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

Inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery, transverse cervical artery, and suprascapular artery

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7
Q

What does the internal thyroid run behind?

A

Thyroid

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8
Q

What does the ascending cervical artery run parallel with?

A

Phrenic nerve

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9
Q

Where does the ascending cervical artery run?

A

On the surface of anterior scalene

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10
Q

What does the transverse cervical artery supply?

A

Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids

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11
Q

Where does the supraspacular artery run?

A

Clavicle

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12
Q

What is a key feature of the descending (dorsal) scapular artery if individuals have it?

A

It runs through the brachial plexus

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13
Q

What can the rhomboids be supplied by?

A

Either deep branch of transverse cervical artery, or descending (dorsal) scapular artery

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14
Q

Where does the vertebral artery go to?

A

Brainstem + cerebellum

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15
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A

Common and internal carotid
Internal jugular vein
Vagus
Superior root of ansa cervicalis
Deep cervical lymph nodes

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16
Q

Where does the carotid crotch divide?

A

Cartilage of thyroid

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17
Q

What can occur in the carotid artery?

A

Narrowing (stenosis) due to plaque
Makes specific sound

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18
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery, maxillary artery, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occipital, ascending pharyngeal artery

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19
Q

What is the mnemonic for the external carotid artery?

A

Some Little Fat Man Stole Papa’s Only Apple

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20
Q

What branches come off the lingual artery?

A

Suprahyroid, dorsal lingual, sublingual, deep lingual

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21
Q

What branches come off the facial artery?

A

Ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, glandular

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22
Q

What is the relation of cranial nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve + occipital artery wrap around one another

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23
Q

What are the branches of the occipital artery?

A

SCM, mastoid, auricular, muscular, descending, meningeal, occipital

24
Q

What are the branches of the posterior auricular artery?

A

Muscular, stylomastoid, auricular, occipital

25
Q

What does the carotid sinus act as?

A

Baroreceptor -> pressure

26
Q

What does the carotid sinus consist of?

A

Dilation of the lower end of the internal carotid artery

27
Q

What is inside the adventitia?

A

Sensory nerve endings, mainly from CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

28
Q

Where is the carotid body found?

A

At carotid crotch, innervated CN IX > CN X (pre-ganglionic)

29
Q

What branches of the superior thyroid anastomose cross over at the midline?

A

Infrahyoid and superior laryngeal artery

30
Q

What branches of the lingual artery cross over at the midline?

A

Suprahyroid artery, dorsal lingual artery, sublingual artery

31
Q

What branches of the facial artery cross over at the midline?

A

Ascending palatine artery

32
Q

What branches of the occipital artery cross over at the midline?

A

Occipital branches

33
Q

Occipital branches anastomose with

A

Posterior auricular artery & superficial temporal artery

34
Q

Superior laryngeal artery anastomose with

A

Inferior laryngeal artery

35
Q

Since the descending branch of occipital artery anastomose with branches from the thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk and vertebral artery, what should be aware of?

A

Clamping axillary and facial will still allow collateral blood flow to occur, since arteries can backfill!

36
Q

Key concepts for veins

A
  1. Veins are highly variable in their course and anastomoses
  2. There are SUPERFICIAL and DEEP venous networks
    a. Deep veins travel with the main arteries (branches from carotid system)
    b. Superficial veins are external to the investing fascia
    c. Superficial and Deep veins anastomose
  3. There are 3 JUGULAR veins
    a. Internal
    b. External
    c. Anterior
37
Q

What is the internal jugular vein deep to?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

38
Q

What begins in jugular foramen?

A

Cranial nerve IX, X, XI at base of skull

39
Q

What does the internal jugular vein run parallel with?

A

Common carotid artery

40
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein end?

A

Joins the subclavian vein (at jugulo-venous angle) to form the brachiocephalic vein

41
Q

What are the tributaries of the internal jugular vein?

A
  1. Inferior Petrosal Sinus (skull)
  2. Occipital
  3. Pharyngeal
  4. Facial (see anterior division of the
    retromandibular vein)
  5. Lingual
  6. Superior & Middle Thyroid Veins
42
Q

Jugular veins -> … -> Brachiocephalic veins -> …

A

Jugulovenous angles, SVC

43
Q

Where does the lymph in the neck come from?

A

Capillary beds

44
Q

What is a key understanding of lymph?

A

Follows gravity!

45
Q

In the head & neck, lymph drains…

A

Down to the jugulo-venous angles

46
Q

How are the lymph seperated?

A

Levels

47
Q

Level II, III, and IV are deep to…

A

SCM
-> follows veins

48
Q

Deep cervical nodes are situated around…

A

Internal jugular vein

49
Q

Where are superior deep cervical found?

A

Level II

50
Q

Where are inferior deep cervical found?

A

Level IV

51
Q

Supraclavicular nodes are also called…where are they found?

A

Virchow’s node, level V

52
Q

What nodes are found in level I?

A

Submental, submandibular

53
Q

What nodes are found in level II?

A

Superior deep cervical

54
Q

What nodes are found in level III?

A

Deep cervical

55
Q

What nodes are found in level IV?

A

Inferior deep cervical

56
Q

What nodes are found in level V?

A

Posterior cervical, accessory, supraclavicular

57
Q

What nodes are found in level VI?

A

Prelaryngeal, pre&paratracheal

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Head/Neck 2022 (+Shelf) (29 decks)

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