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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Head/Neck 2022 (+Shelf) > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the ear?

A

Hearing & balance

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2
Q

What are the three components of the ear?

A

External, middle, and internal (neuro 2023)

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3
Q

What is the external ear comprised of?

A

Auricle (pinna) and external auditory meatus

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4
Q

What tissue is the external ear comprised of?

A

Elastic cartilage

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5
Q

What does the auricle do?

A

Assist in capturing sound -> numerous folds & depressions

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6
Q

How does the auricle go?

A

Funnels to external auditory meatus

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7
Q

What is cauliflower ear? How does it occur?

A

Hematoma within layers, which causes avascular necrosis and is fibrotic
Occurs primarily to fights due to repetitive blunt trauma

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8
Q

What is the blood supply of the external ear?

A

Superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery, deep auricular artery (from maxillary)

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9
Q

What is the venous drainage of the external ear?

A

Follows pattern of arteries

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10
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the external ear?

A

Parotid (anterior + external acoustic meatus), mastoid (posterior), and deep cervical nodes

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11
Q

What is the GSA innervation of the external ear?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve (CN V)
Lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3)
Great auricular nerve (C2, C3)
Auricular branch of CN X
CN VII
CN IX

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12
Q

What is the external auditory meatus?

A

Extends from the deepest part of concha to the tympanic membrane (~ 1 inch)
Lateral 1/3 is cartilaginous, medial 2/3 is bony (temporal bone)
Covered in skin -> contains hair follicles and ceruminous glands (ear wax)

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13
Q

What is the innervation of external auditory meatus?

A
  1. Auriculotemporal nerve
  2. CN X (auricular branch)
  3. CN VII
  4. CN IX
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14
Q

What is the purpose of the tympanic membrane?

A

Separates EAM from middle ear
Lateral surface angled anteroinferior (~55*)

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15
Q

How to use cone of light?

A

Allows you to see the side of the ear you are looking at

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16
Q

What is the connective tissue lined with?

A

Laterally -> connective tissue
Medially -> mucous membrane

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17
Q

The lateral surface of tympanic membrane innervation

A

3/4 auriculotemporal nerve, 1/4 CN X, some from CN VII

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18
Q

The medial surface of tympanic membrane innervation

A

CN IX (tympanic nerve)

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19
Q

What is impacted in Swimmer’s ear?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve, vagus nerve

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20
Q

Where would lymphadenopathy be for Swimmer’s ear?

A

Parotid gland

21
Q

How is the middle ear separated from the external auditory meatus?

A

Tympanic membrane

22
Q

Space within the temporal bone is lined with…

A

Mucous membrane

23
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

Transmit vibrations of tympanic membrane to inner ear via three ossicles -> malleus, incus, stapes

24
Q

What are the boundaries of the middle ear?

A

Lateral -> tympanic membrane + temporal bone
Medial -> lateral wall of inner ear (promontory + tympanic plexus), prominences of lateral semicircular canal and facial canal
Anterior -> temporal bone adjacent to carotid canal
Posterior -> adjacent to mastoid air cells

25
Q

What are the openings of the middle ear?

A
  1. Pharyngotympanic tube
  2. Aditus to mastoid antrum
  3. Oval and round windows
26
Q

What can break through membrane of middle ear?

A

Infections

27
Q

What opening communicates with pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Nasopharynx

28
Q

What opening communicates with mastoid antrum?

A

Aditus to mastoid antrium

29
Q

What are the ossicles?

A

Mallelus, incus, and stapes

30
Q

How do the ossicles articulate?

A

True synovial joints

31
Q

How is the malleus attached?

A

Tympanic membrane via handle

32
Q

How is the stapes attached?

A

Oval window via base

33
Q

What is otoscleosis?

A

Abnormal growth around bone ossicles, usually involving stapes -> causes productive hearing loss

34
Q

What is the key finding of the mallelus?

A

Ice cream cone

35
Q

What are the two muscles in the middle ear?

A

Stapedius (CN VII) and tensor tympani (CN V3)
Responsible for protection against loud noise

36
Q

What is hyperacusis?

A

Increased senisitvity to sound -> caused by injury to CN VII

37
Q

What nerves run through the middle ear?

A

Tympanic nerve (CN IX) and lesser petrosal nerve (CN IX)

38
Q

What info does lesser petrosal nerve?

A

GVE + GVE

39
Q

Where does chorda tympani course?

A

Medial to handle of mallelus

40
Q

What information does the chorda tympani carry?

A

SVA, GVE, GVA

41
Q

The pharyngotympanic tube is fixed…

A

Between greater wing of sphenoid and petrous part of temporal bone

42
Q

What is the innervation of pharygotympanic tube?

A

Tympanic plexus (CN IX), pharyngeal branches from PPG

43
Q

What is otitis media? Who is it common in?

A

Middle ear infection, in younger children
Nerves at risk: chorda tympani, tympanic nerve, internal carotid

44
Q

How do you place tympanostomy?

A

Inferior aspect in order to avoid chorda tympani

45
Q

What is mastoiditis?

A

Inflammation of mastoid due to recurrent middle ear infection

46
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of middle ear?

A
  • (External Meatus [otitis externa, infected piercing] – parotid >
    jugulodigastric > mastoid)
  • Middle Ear [otitis media] – parotid > jugulodigastric
  • Pharyngotympanic Tube – retropharyngeal
47
Q

What is the venous drainage of middle ear?

A

To transverse and superior petrosal sinuses, pterygoid venous plexus

48
Q

What is the arterial supply of middle ear?

A
  1. Maxillary a.
  2. Posterior auricular/occipital aa.
  3. Middle meningeal a.
  4. Ascending pharyngeal a.
  5. Tympanic branch from internal carotid a.

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Head/Neck 2022 (+Shelf) (29 decks)

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