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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Head/Neck 2022 (+Shelf) > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the larynx?

A

Voice box at top of airway

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2
Q

What are the laryngeal cartilages?

A

Thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, arytenoid, corniculate

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3
Q

What anchors vocal cords?

A

Corniculate cartilage

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4
Q

What is a cricothyroid joint?

A
  • Cricoid rotates anterior and inferior
  • Lengthens cords & increases their
    tension
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5
Q

What is a cricoarytenoid joint?

A

*Rotation of arytenoids medial and
lateral
*Gliding towards are away from each
other
*Abducts or adducts the cords

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6
Q

What provides minor movements to the larynx?

A

Arytenocorniculate joints

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7
Q

What is contained within the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone
Internal laryngeal nerve, artery, and vein

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8
Q

What are the other membranes?

A

Quadrangular membrane, conus elasticus, hyoepiglottic ligament

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9
Q

What assists in the spread of cancer?

A

Hyoepiglottic ligament

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10
Q

What are the muscles of the larynx?

A

Cricoarytenoids, arytenoids, and cricothyroid muscle

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11
Q

What are the false vocal cords?

A

Vestibule, non-muscular

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12
Q

What are the true vocal cords?

A

Vocal folds; vestibular folds
Muscular! (vocalis + thyroarytenoid)

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13
Q

What are two other folds?

A

Rima glottis and rima vestibuli

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14
Q

Where can foreign bodies in airway get lodged?

A

Piriform sinus, valleculae, pharyngeal walls

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15
Q

All muscles are innervated by…

A

CN X (vagus)

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16
Q

Cricothyroid is innervated by vagus branch…

A

External laryngeal nerve

17
Q

The rest of the muscles are innervated by…

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

18
Q

Action of cricothyroid?

A

Increases tension on cords = increased pitch

19
Q

Action of thyroarytenoid?

A

Decreases tension =
low pitch

20
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid action?

A

Opens rima glottis, abducts cords

21
Q

Leftover muscles close…

A

Rima glottis

22
Q

What is voiced sound?

A

The basic sound produced
by vocal fold vibration is called “voiced
sound.”

23
Q

What is resonance?

A

Voiced sound is amplified
and modified by the vocal tract
resonators (the throat, mouth cavity, and nasal passages)

24
Q

What is articulation?

A

The vocal tract articulators
(the tongue, soft palate, and lips) modify the voiced sound

25
Q

What is not visible to the human eye?

A

Vocal cord vibration

26
Q

What is the arterial support of the larynx?

A

Superior and inferior laryngeal artery

27
Q

What is the venous drainage of larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal vein -> IJV
Inferior laryngeal vein -> thyroid venous plexus

28
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the larynx?

A

*Supraglottic larynx Level II
*Can be bilateral
*Infraglottic larynx Level III,
Level IV & Level VI (pretracheal
and paratracheal)

29
Q

What is the sensory innervation of valleculae?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

30
Q

What is the sensory innervation below cords?

A

Trachea is recurrent laryngeal nerve

31
Q

Thorough analysis of cough reflex

A

*Afferent: recurrent or internal
laryngeal nerves
*Sensation of irritant
*Efferent: recurrent laryngeal nerve
*Closing and opening cords = cough

32
Q

What are the travel buddies?

A

Superior thyroid artery -> external laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal artery -> internal laryngeal nerve
Inferior thyroid artery -> recurrent laryngeal nerve

33
Q

What is injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

A
  • Inability to abduct and adduct the cords
  • Minor retained adduction
  • Hoarseness of the voice
34
Q

What is injury to superior laryngeal nerve cause?

A

*Cannot do high pitched voice – external
laryngeal nerve
*Likely singers will notice
*Aspiration risk – internal laryngeal nerve
*Diminished cough reflex

35
Q

What is the purpose of the trachea? Where does it begin?

A

With first tracheal ring, under subglottic larynx
Carries oxygen to lungs

36
Q

When do you do cricothyrotomy?

A

Emergent, temporary airway
Within cricothyroid membrane

37
Q

What is at risk with cricothyrotomy?

A

Pyramidal lobe

38
Q

When do you do a tracheostomy?

A

Emergent, longer lasting, within the trachea itself

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Head/Neck 2022 (+Shelf) (29 decks)

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