Cranial Vault

Question 1

What composes the calavria?

Answer 1

Frontal crest, groove for superior sagittal sinus, and grooves for middle meningeal arteries

Question 2

What are the three fossas within the cranial vault?

Answer 2

Anterior, middle, and posterior fossa

Question 3

What is the hardest bone of the body?

Answer 3

Petrous portion of temporal bone -> internal acoustic meatus located in here!

Question 4

What cranial nerves run through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 4

CN III, IV, V1, and VI

Question 5

All foramina are in…

Answer 5

Middle cranial fossa

Question 6

What meningeal layer forms the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 6

Dura mater

Question 7

What are the two layers of dura mater?

Answer 7

Periosteal and inner meningeal

Question 8

Arachnoid mater does not follow…

Answer 8

Contours

Question 9

What space holds CSF and is trabeculated?

Answer 9

Subarachnoid space

Question 10

What is a potential space for hematomas?

Answer 10

Extradural space

Question 11

What is the superior sagittal sinus lined with?

Answer 11

Endoderm

Question 12

What drains the SCALP into superior sagittal sinus?

Answer 12

Emissary veins

Question 13

What are the four dural folds?

Answer 13

Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae

Question 14

What sits inside the anterior clinoid process, on the infundibulum?

Answer 14

Pituitary gland

Question 15

What does the tentorium cerebri separate?

Answer 15

Brainstem from cerebrum

Question 16

What does blood travel through?

Answer 16

Endothelium

Question 17

What are the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 17

Valveless

Question 18

All sinuses drain into…

Answer 18

Internal jugular vein

Question 19

What connects to the internal vertebral plexus -> Batson’s plexus?

Answer 19

Basilar venous plexus

Question 20

Where is the cavernous sinus?

Answer 20

Between the periosteal and meningeal layers

Question 21

What 5 cranial nerves travel through the cavernous sinus?

Answer 21

CN III, IV, V1, VI, V2

Question 22

What can be caused by injury to CN VI (abducens)?

Answer 22

Lateral nerve palsy

Question 23

What has sympathetic fibers on it?

Answer 23

Internal carotid artery

Question 24

How can a cavernous sinus infection present?

Answer 24

Exophthalmos
Conjunctival injection
Ptosis -> CN III sympathetics
Dilated pupil -> CN III
Voluntary movement of orbit lost
Tingling & burning of forehead, nose, and upper face (V1 + V2)

Question 25

What is the Triangle of Danger on the face?

Answer 25

Infections, thrombophlebitis (inflamed vein with clots) from facial vein can travel intracranially to cavernous sinus or pterygoid venous plexus…this would lead to thrombophlebitis of cavernous sinus which is fatal in in 1.6 per 100,000

Question 26

What is the dural innervation?

Answer 26

C1, C2, C3 & Vagus

Question 27

What is the anterior cranial fossa innervated by?

Answer 27

V1

Question 28

What is the middle cranial fossa innervated by?

Answer 28

V2, V3

Question 29

What is the posterior cranial fossa innervated by?

Answer 29

C1, C2, C3, Vagus

Question 30

What is the blood supply to the dura?

Answer 30

Anterior meningeal artery, middle meningeal artery, accessory meningeal artery, posterior meningeal artery

Question 31

What supplies most of the dura?

Answer 31

Middle meningeal artery

Question 32

What is a lemon in the brain?

Answer 32

Extradural hematoma