Cranial Vault Flashcards
What composes the calavria?
Frontal crest, groove for superior sagittal sinus, and grooves for middle meningeal arteries
What are the three fossas within the cranial vault?
Anterior, middle, and posterior fossa
What is the hardest bone of the body?
Petrous portion of temporal bone -> internal acoustic meatus located in here!
What cranial nerves run through the superior orbital fissure?
CN III, IV, V1, and VI
All foramina are in…
Middle cranial fossa
What meningeal layer forms the dural venous sinuses?
Dura mater
What are the two layers of dura mater?
Periosteal and inner meningeal
Arachnoid mater does not follow…
Contours
What space holds CSF and is trabeculated?
Subarachnoid space
What is a potential space for hematomas?
Extradural space
What is the superior sagittal sinus lined with?
Endoderm
What drains the SCALP into superior sagittal sinus?
Emissary veins
What are the four dural folds?
Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae
What sits inside the anterior clinoid process, on the infundibulum?
Pituitary gland
What does the tentorium cerebri separate?
Brainstem from cerebrum
What does blood travel through?
Endothelium
What are the dural venous sinuses?
Valveless
All sinuses drain into…
Internal jugular vein
What connects to the internal vertebral plexus -> Batson’s plexus?
Basilar venous plexus
Where is the cavernous sinus?
Between the periosteal and meningeal layers
What 5 cranial nerves travel through the cavernous sinus?
CN III, IV, V1, VI, V2
What can be caused by injury to CN VI (abducens)?
Lateral nerve palsy
What has sympathetic fibers on it?
Internal carotid artery
How can a cavernous sinus infection present?
Exophthalmos
Conjunctival injection
Ptosis -> CN III sympathetics
Dilated pupil -> CN III
Voluntary movement of orbit lost
Tingling & burning of forehead, nose, and upper face (V1 + V2)
What is the Triangle of Danger on the face?
Infections, thrombophlebitis (inflamed vein with clots) from facial vein can travel intracranially to cavernous sinus or pterygoid venous plexus…this would lead to thrombophlebitis of cavernous sinus which is fatal in in 1.6 per 100,000
What is the dural innervation?
C1, C2, C3 & Vagus
What is the anterior cranial fossa innervated by?
V1
What is the middle cranial fossa innervated by?
V2, V3
What is the posterior cranial fossa innervated by?
C1, C2, C3, Vagus
What is the blood supply to the dura?
Anterior meningeal artery, middle meningeal artery, accessory meningeal artery, posterior meningeal artery
What supplies most of the dura?
Middle meningeal artery
What is a lemon in the brain?
Extradural hematoma
