Oral & Nasal Cavity Flashcards
What is the roof of the nasal cavity?
Frontal, nasal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bone
What is the floor of the nasal cavity?
Palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bones
What is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Nasal conchae, frontal process of maxilla, perpendicular plate of palatine bone, medial pterygoid plate
What is the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
Nasal septum
What are the connections of the nasal cavity?
Nasopharynx, anterior cranial fossa, paranasal sinuses, pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, orbit, oral cavity, outside world!
Where does the sphenopalatine foramen connect?
Pterygopalatine fossa
What runs through the sphenopalatine foramen?
Sphenopalatine artery
What can found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Superior concha, middle concha, and inferior concha
What composes of the septum?
Septal cartilage, vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
What provides passage from nasal cavity to nasopharynx?
Choanae
What sinus is found inside the ethmoid bone?
Ethmoid sinus -> ethmoid air cells
What is the conchae?
Bony projection covered in mucosa
What does the conchae do?
Create passages (meati) to direct airflow
Create turbulence and increase mucosal surface area to warm and humidify air
What are the sinuses?
Air-filled spaces in bones surrounding nasal cavity lined by mucous membranes
Where do the sinuses drain into?
Nasal cavity via meati
What are the four sinuses?
Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary
Route of movement of chonae?
Chonae -> larynx -> trachea
What is the largest sinus?
Maxillary sinus
What is the asymmetrical sinus?
Frontal sinus
What sits under the sella turcica?
Sphenoid sinus
Where is the ethmoid sinus?
Medial border
How can we use the sphenoid sinus?
Access and remove the pituitary gland
Where is the sphenoid sinus drainage site?
Spheno-ethmoidal recess
Where is the frontal sinus drainage site?
Semilunar hiatus of middle meatus (via frontonasal duct)
Where is the ethmoid sinus drainage site?
Posterior air cells -> superior meatus
Anterior and inferior air cells -> middle meatus
Where is the maxillary sinus drainage site?
Semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
How can infections break through the ethmoid sinus?
Medial wall of orbit
Posterior ethmoidal sinus infections
What does posterior ethmoidal sinus infection impact?
Optic nerve (CN II)
What is difficult to drain?
Maxillary sinus (tilting head)
Intimately related to maxillary molars and superior alveolar nerves
What is sphenoid sinus medial to?
Cavernous sinus
Where does nasolacrimal duct drain?
Inferior meatus
What forms the Kiesselbach’s Plexus?
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery (septal branch), sphenopalatine artery, greater palatine artery, superior labial artery
Where does the submucosal venous plexus drain?
Sphenopalatine vein, facial vein, superior ophthalmic vein, pterygoid plexus (to ITF)
What is the GSA innervation of the nasal cavity?
CN V1/V2
What is the GVE parasympathetic innervation of nasal cavity?
Greater petrosal nerve via CN VII
Synapses at PPG
What is the GVE sympathetic innervation of nasal cavity?
T1-T4 via external carotid nerves
Where does lymph from anterior nasal cavity drain?
Submandibular nodes
Where does lymph from the posterior nasal cavity drain?
Superior deep cervical nodes
What is the roof of the oral cavity?
Hard & soft palate
What is the floor of the oral cavity?
Soft tissue (tongue, musculature)
What is the lateral border of oral cavity?
Cheek, buccinator
What are the regions of oral cavity?
Oral vestibule, oral cavity proper
What are the bones of the oral cavity?
Maxilla, palatine, mandible, hyoid, temporal, sphenoid
What are the oral cavity connections?
Nasal cavity, oropharynx, outside world
What makes up the “hammock” of the oral cavity?
Mylohyoid & geniohyoid muscles
What does the mylohyoid & geniohyoid do?
Depress mandible
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except one) innervated by?
CN XII
What extrinsic tongue muscle is the exception? How so?
Palatoglossus -> CN X
What is the sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 portion of the tongue?
GSA: lingual nerve (CN V3)
SVA: chorda tympani (CN VII)
What is the sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 portion of the tongue?
GVA: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
SVA: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
What occurs when lingual nerve is injured to tongue?
Loss of general sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
What occurs when chorda tympani is injured to tongue?
Loss of taste sensation on anterior 2/3 of tongue + dry mouth
When occurs when complete lingual nerve + chorda tympani are injured to tongue?
Loss of general sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
Loss of taste sensation on anterior 2/3 of tongue + dry mouth
Dry mouth
What is the blood supply of the tongue, sublingual gland, gingivae, and oral mucosa?
Lingual artery
What is the venous drainage of the tongue?
Dorsal lingual veins and deep lingual veins to internal jugular vein
What is the lymph drainage of tongue?
Bilateral lymph drainage!
What is the innervation of the salivary glands (submandibular and sublingual glands)
GVE para: CN VII
(chorda tympani)
GVE sym: T1-T4
GSA CT capsule: CN V3
What is the blood supply/venous drainage of tongue?
Facial a/v (submandibular)
Lingual a/v
What is the lymph drainage of salivary glands?
Submandibular nodes
Lingual nerve goes… the submandibular duct, which can cause…
Underneath, loss of anterior 2/3 of tongue taste & sensation
