Fascia and Spaces of Neck

Question 1

What is the neck, in simplified terms?

Answer 1

Big tube with a bunch of little tubes

Question 2

What is the main function of the neck?

Answer 2

Support head and hold important vasculature

Question 3

What are components of the neck?

Answer 3

Everything: muscle, bone, arteries, veins, nerves, lymph

Question 4

What can the compartments of the fascia and skin cause?

Answer 4

Direct spread of infections

Question 5

What are the purpose of the bones in the neck?

Answer 5

Support spinal cord and head

Question 6

What are the bones of the neck?

Answer 6

Hyoid and vertebrae

Question 7

What is found near the hyoid bone?

Answer 7

Larynx

Question 8

What are the function of the muscles in the neck?

Answer 8

Move head

Question 9

Where do the arteries of the neck come off of?

Answer 9

Arch of aorta

Question 10

What moves upward?

Answer 10

Arteries

Question 11

What moves downward?

Answer 11

Veins and lymphatics

Question 12

What are parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 12

Cranial nerves

Question 13

What are somatic nerves?

Answer 13

Cervical plexus

Question 14

What viscera is found in the neck?

Answer 14

Esophagus, thyroid, parathyroids

Question 15

What is the superior border?

Answer 15

Mandible to back of skull

Question 16

What is the inferior border?

Answer 16

Superior thoracic aperture

Question 17

What is the laryngeal structure?

Answer 17

Hyoid bone

Question 18

What can cause a hyoid fracture?

Answer 18

Choking, and only choking

Question 19

Where is the hyoid bone relative to the cervical spine?

Answer 19

C3, C4

Question 20

What cannot be seen clearly, but is present, on an MRI?

Answer 20

Cricoid cartilage

Question 21

What runs in the transverse foramen?

Answer 21

Vertebral artery

Question 22

What is the superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 22

Subcutaneous connective tissue, fatty and deeper fibrous layer

Question 23

What is found inside the superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 23

Superficial nerves, vessels, lymph nodes, and platysma muscle

Question 24

What is the investing fascia?

Answer 24

Completely surrounds the neck; arises from skull and mandible and extends inferiorly to the sternum, clavicles, manubrium

Question 25

What does the investing fascia surround?

Answer 25

Sternum, clavicles, manubrium, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

Question 26

What is the infrahyoid fascia?

Answer 26

Begins at hyoid bone, forms an investing fascia for the infrahyoid muscles; superficial and deep layers; continuous across the midline

Question 27

What is the pretracheal fascia?

Answer 27

a continuous fascial tube that surrounds the viscera in the neck Two parts: pre-tracheal proper and buccopharyngeal

Question 28

Where does pre-tracheal proper fascia?

Answer 28

Attaches to the hyoid bone above and fibrous pericardium below

Question 29

Where does buccopharyngeal fascia attach?

Answer 29

Attaches to base of the skull, covering the buccinator and pharyngeal constrictors, fuses with pre-tracheal, fuses with adventitia of esophagus

Question 30

What is prevertebral fascia?

Answer 30

Attaches to base of skull and vertebrae and encloses the deep muscles, has specializations: alar fascia, axillary sheath and Sibson’s fascia (top of lungs)

Question 31

What is contained inside the carotid sheath?

Answer 31

Carotid artery + jugular vein, vagus nerve, lymph

Question 32

What is the function/innervation of platysma?

Answer 32

Wrinkle skin, innervated by cranial nerve VII -> facial nerve

Question 33

What is unique about the platysma?

Answer 33

No bone attachments!

Question 34

What is platysma used in?

Answer 34

Neck lifts

Question 35

What is a?

Answer 35

Pretracheal fascia

Question 36

What is b?

Answer 36

Deep to prevertebral layer

Question 37

What is c?

Answer 37

Between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia DANGER SPACE

Question 38

What is d?

Answer 38

Between alar/buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral layer

Question 39

What has occurred?

Answer 39

Retroperitoneal abscess