Triangles & Muscles of Neck

Question 1

What is in the anterior triangle?

Answer 1

Digastric muscle, submental muscle, carotid muscle, muscular muscle

Question 2

What is in the posterior triangle?

Answer 2

Occipital muscle, supraclavicular muscle, omohyoid

Question 3

What are the borders of the triangles?

Answer 3

Trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, digastric, omohyoid, clavicle

Question 4

What is the innervation, attachments, and function of sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 4

Attachments: mastoid -> sternum/clavicle
Innervation: CN XI (spinal accessory) -> motor + C2, C3 -> sensory
Function: when both contact, turn head; when one contracts, tilt head

Question 5

What is the innervation, attachment, and function of trapezius?

Answer 5

Attachment: upper nuchal line
Innervation: CN XI (spinal accessory) -> motor + C3, C4 -> sensory
Function: abduct upper limb

Question 6

What layers are transversed when placing a central line?

Answer 6

Skin, superficial fascia, investing fascia, infrahyoid fascia, carotid sheath

Question 7

What nerve is at risk during a central line placement?

Answer 7

Vagus nerve

Question 8

What is being accessed in a central line?

Answer 8

Internal jugular vein

Question 9

What is the triangle of central line lovingly called?

Answer 9

Ringo’s triangle

Question 10

For lesions, what is something kept in mind?

Answer 10

Look where it is cut -> location impacts muscle!

Question 11

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 11

Swallowing!

Question 12

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 12

Stylohyoid, posterior digastric, anterior digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

Question 13

What is innervated by cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)?

Answer 13

Stylohyoid, posterior digastric muscle

Question 14

What is innervated by cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)?

Answer 14

Anterior digastric, mylohyoid muscles

Question 15

What is innervated by C1 to thyrohyoid?

Answer 15

Geniohyoid

Question 16

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 16

Stabilize hyoid bone

Question 17

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 17

Thryohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 18

What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 18

Ansa cervicalis, except for thyrohyoid -> C1

Question 19

What are the lateral neck muscles?

Answer 19

Rectus capitis lateralis, rectus capitis anterior, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene

Question 20

What flexes the neck?

Answer 20

Longus capitis, longus colli

Question 21

What are the attachments of anterior and middle scalene?

Answer 21

Transverse processes -> first rib

Question 22

What is the attachment of posterior scalene?

Answer 22

Second rib

Question 23

What is the purpose of Sibson’s fascia?

Answer 23

Protect top of lungs from infection

Question 24

What runs through the scalene triangle?

Answer 24

Brachial plexus