Scalp, Face, and Parotid Flashcards
What are the layers of the SCALP?
Skin
Dense connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
What is considered scalp proper?
Skin, dense connective tissue, aponeurosis
What is contained within the dense connective tissue?
Arteries, nerves, and veins
What are the arteries branches of?
Ophthalmic & external carotid
Branches of external carotid within dense CT?
Superficial temporal, occipital, posterior auricular artery
Branches of ophthalmic artery within dense CT?
Supratrochlear artery & vein, supraorbital artery & vein
Innervation of the scalp is supplied by
CN V and C2 & C3
What is firmly attached to skin?
Aponeurotic layer
What is the function of occipitofrontalis?
Raise eyebrows
What provides sensory innervation to the face?
GSA fibers from CN V (trigeminal nerve)
What are the smiling muscles?
Zygomaticus major & minor, levator labii superioris
What are the frowning muscles?
Mentalis, depressor anguli oris
What wrinkles skin?
Platsyma
What allows forced closure of eyes?
Orbital portion of orbicularis oculi
What allows soft blinking?
Palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi
What are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?
CN VII (facial nerve)
What are branches of the facial nerve?
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
What is the mnemonic for facial nerve branches?
To Zanzibar By Motor Car
Where do the facial nerves leave?
Stylomastoid foramen
What does the buccinator do?
Puff up cheeks, hold food
What is the largest salivary gland?
Parotid gland
Where does the parotid duct cross over?
Masseter -> empties into oral cavity
What structures pass through the parotid gland?
Transverse facial a/v, CN VII, retromandibular vein, external carotid, auriculotemporal n (V3), superficial and deep parotid nodes
Where do the GVE fibers to the parotid gland come from?
CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
What is the parasympathetic ganglion near the parotid gland?
Otic ganglion
What is contained within lesser petrosal nerve?
GVE and GVA fibers
What does the lesser petrosal nerve carry?
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion
What is the major blood vessel supplying the face?
Facial artery
What are branches of the facial artery?
Angular A/V, superior labial A/V, inferior labial A/V
What does the superior and inferior ophthalmic vein drain into?
Angular vein
What drains much of the face?
Facial vein
How do infections spread to danger triangle?
Angular veins
Where do lymph drain in the face?
Submental, submandibular, and parotid nodes -> all to deep cervical
