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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Head/Neck 2022 (+Shelf) > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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2
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

a musculomembranous tube extending from the base of the skull (sphenoid, occipital bone; clivus) to the cricoid cartilage

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3
Q

What does the pharynx communicate with?

A

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus

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4
Q

What is the anterior limit of the nasopharynx?

A

Choana

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5
Q

How far does the nasopharynx extend?

A

Base of skull to soft palate

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6
Q

What does the nasopharynx contain?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube -> eustachian tube

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7
Q

What is the nasopharynx structure (protrusion) called?

A

Torus tubarius

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8
Q

What is the lymphoid tissue within the nasopharynx?

A

Adenoid/pharyngeal tonsils

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9
Q

What are the folds of the nasopharynx?

A

Salpingopharyngeal & salpingopalatine folds

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10
Q

What does the salpingopharyngeal fold cover?

A

Salpingopharyngeus muscle

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11
Q

What does the salpingopalatine fold cover?

A

Levator veli palatini muscle

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12
Q

What is the function and innervation of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A
  • Function: raises the pharynx during deglutition
  • Innervation: CN X, pharyngeal branch
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13
Q

What is the function and innervation of the levator veli palatini muscle?

A
  • Function: elevates the palate
  • Innervation: CN X,
    pharyngeal branch
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14
Q

What is the function and innervation of tensor veli palatini?

A
  • Function: tenses palate and
    aids in elevation
  • Innervation: CN V3
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15
Q

What does the elevation of the palate help?

A

Prevent entry of food into the nasopharynx!

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16
Q

What is adenoid hypertrophy?

A

Increase of adenoid tissue
Causes: sleep apnea, allergies
Can obstruct eustachian tube

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17
Q

What is nasopharyngeal carcinoma? Where is it found?

A

Cancerous mass found inside the pharyngeal recess aka Fossa of Rosenmuller
Unilateral serous effusion, nasal obstruction
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Smoker increases chances!

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18
Q

Tonsils… with age

A

Regress

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19
Q

What can tonsils contribute with kids?

A

Sleep apnea

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20
Q

What can tonsils in adults cause?

A

Malignancy

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21
Q

Tonsils are highly …

A

Vascular

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22
Q

What are all the blood supply of the tonsils?

A
  1. Tonsillar branch of facial artery
  2. Ascending palatine branch of
    facial artery
  3. Dorsal lingual branches of lingual
    artery
  4. Ascending pharyngeal artery
  5. Lesser palatine branch of
    descending palatine artery
23
Q

What is the innervation of tonsils?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

24
Q

What is the main blood supply of tonsils?

A

Tonsillar + ascending palatine branches

25
Q

What is the tonsillar fossa made of?

A
  • Anterior pillar (palatoglossal fold) – palatoglossus muscle
  • Posterior pillar (palatopharyngeal fold) – palatopharyngeus muscle
  • Floor – superior constrictor
26
Q

What is inside the oropharynx?

A

Tonsils, base of tongue, valleculae, epiglottis, and glossopepiglottic folds

27
Q

Where does the oropharynx extend from?

A

Soft palate to epiglottis/hyoid

28
Q

What is the anterior limit of oropharynx?

A

Circumvallate papillae
and hard palate

29
Q

What can happen at base of tongue/lingual tonsil?

A

Lymphoid hypertrophy

30
Q

What is a minor contribution of the epiglottis?

A

Prevent asipiration

31
Q

What can be found in the valleculae?

A

Foreign bodies

32
Q

Hypo/Laryngopharynx extends from…

A

Soft glottic tissue to cricoid cartilage

33
Q

What is contained within the hypopharynx?

A

Piriform sinuses, opening of esophagus

34
Q

What are the three constrictors?

A

Superior, middle, inferior

35
Q

What is the main function of constrictors?

A

Maintain pharyngeal squeeze

36
Q

What are the accessory muscles?

A

Salpingopharynx, stylopharyngeus, and palatopharyngeus

37
Q

What are the muscles mostly innervated by?

A

CN X

38
Q

What muscle is the exception of innervation? What is it innervated by?

A

Stylopharyngeus, CN IX

39
Q

What is the clinical significance of superior constrictor?

A

Damage? -> velopharyngeal insufficiency

40
Q

What is the gap between superior & middle constrictor?

A

Stylopharyngeus, stylohyoid, CN IX

41
Q

What is the gap between of middle and inferior constrictor?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal
artery and vein

42
Q

What are the two parts of the inferior constrictor?

A
  • Thyropharyngeus – Pharyngeal branch
  • Cricopharyngeus - External branch of
    superior laryngeal nerve
43
Q

What is the gap between the inferior constrictor and the floor?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve, inferior laryngeal
artery and vein (inferior thyroid)

44
Q

What is Zenker’s Diverticulum?

A
  • Outpouching of pharynx
    through the Killian’s
    Dehiscence between the
    thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus muscles
  • Almost always has a cricopharyngeal bar
45
Q

What is a cricopharyngeal bar?

A
  • Major component of upper esophageal
    sphincter
  • Thickening of muscle
46
Q

What is Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

Ring of lymphatic tissue in each division of the pharynx

47
Q

What is the arterial support of pharynx?

A

External carotid artery

48
Q

What is the venous support of pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal venous plexus, pharyngeal vein, superior thyroid vein

49
Q

What is the sensory & motor innervation of pharynx?

A

Sensory: CN IX until valleculae, then CN X

50
Q

What is the gag reflex innervation?

A
  • Afferent: CN IX
  • Efferent: CN X
51
Q

What is the lymph drainage of nasopharynx?

A

Retropharyngeal nodes,
Level II

52
Q

What is the lymph drainage of oropharynx?

A

Level II

53
Q

What is the lymph drainage of hypopharynx?

A

Level II & III

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Head/Neck 2022 (+Shelf) (29 decks)

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