Head: Palate Flashcards
What is the hard palate?
Separates the oral cavity from nasal cavity
What is the hard palate superiorly covered by?
Respiratory mucosa
What is respiratory mucosa?
Keratinzed pseudostratified epithelium
What does the oral mucosa in the hard palate form?
- Palatine raphe (median
longitudinal ridge) - Palatine rugae (transverse palatine
folds) - Incisive papilla (behind the
incisors)
What is the soft palate?
Continues from the hard palate
What is in the soft palate?
5 muscles!
What is the uvula?
small projection hanging from the posterior free margin
What are the five muscles of the soft palate?
- Tensor veli palatini
- Levator veli palatini
- Palatopharyngeus
- Palatoglossus
- Musculus uvulae
What are the actions of tensor veli palatini?
- Tenses the soft palate
- Opens the
pharyngotympanic tube
(yawning, swallowing)
What is the innervation of tensor veli palatini?
Medial pterygoid nerve of the
mandibular nerve (V3)
What is the action of levator veli palatini?
Elevate the palate (close the
pharyngeal isthmus between the
nasopharynx and oropharynx
What is the innervation of levator veli palatini?
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
What is the clinical testing for levator veli palatini?
Patient say ‘ah’, if the muscle
function is abnormal, the palate
deviates away from the lesioned
site (normal: elevates evenly)
What are the two arches?
Palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal
What is the action of palatopharyngeus?
- Depresses soft palate,
- Narrows the isthmus faucium
- Elevates pharynx
What is the innervation of palatopharyngeus?
Vagus nerve (pharyngeal branch)
Where is the palatopharyngeus located?
In the palatopharyngeal arches
What is the action of palatoglossus?
- Depresses soft palate
- Narrows the isthmus faucium
- Elevates back of the tongue
What is the innervation of palatoglossus?
Vagus nerve (pharyngeal branch)
Where is the palatoglossus located?
In palatoglossal arches
What is the action of musculus uvulae?
- Elevates and retracts uvula
- Thickens central region of
the soft palate
What is the innervation of musculus uvulae?
Vagus nerve (pharyngeal branch)
Where is the musculus uvulae?
In the uvula
What is the innervation of the of the palate?
Nasopalatine nerve, greater & lesser palatine nerves
What does nasopalatine nerve innervate?
Anterior hard
palate
What does greater palatine nerve innervate?
Mucosa and glands of the hard
palate
What does the lesser palatine nerve innervate?
Mucosa and glands of the soft palate
What innervates the palatine glands?
Greater petrosal and deep petrosal nerves
What are the arteries of the palate?
Ascending palatine artery, palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal artery, and descending palatine artery
What is the lymph of the palatine?
Deep cervical lymph nodes
What is the venous drainage of the palate?
Pterygoid plexus -> pharyngeal plexus
