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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Head/Neck 2022 (+Shelf) > Skull, Face, and Palate Development > Flashcards

Skull, Face, and Palate Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the condition that occurs when a baby has a misshapen head by sitting in a car seat?

A

Deformational plagiocephaly

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2
Q

What portion is the neurocranium?

A

Around the brain

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3
Q

What portion is the viscerocranium?

A

Skeleton of the face

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4
Q

What forms the bones of the base of the skull?

A

Endochondral ossification

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5
Q

Where does the prechordal cartilage come from?

A

Neural crest cells

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6
Q

What does the prechondral cartilage contribute to?

A

Ethmoid bone

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7
Q

What does the parachordal cartilage contribute to?

A

Base of occipital bone

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8
Q

What does hypophysial cartilage contribute to?

A

Body of the sphenoid

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9
Q

Capsules surround…

A

The special sensory structures of the head

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10
Q

Olfactory capsule forms…

A

Ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, and inferior concha

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11
Q

Otic capsule forms…

A

Petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone

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12
Q

Optic capsule forms

A

Greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid

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13
Q

Membranous neurocranium is derived from…

A

Neural crest cells

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14
Q

Membranous viscerocranium is derived from

A

First arch (maxillary prominence) and neural crest cells

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15
Q

Cartilaginous viscerocranium is derived from

A

First and second arches

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16
Q

When does the face begin to develop?

A

4th week

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17
Q

Five facial primorida forms

A

One frontonasal prominence, two maxillary prominences, and two mandibular prominences

18
Q

What is continuous throughout the five prominences?

A

Mesenchyme cells

19
Q

What is not present at birth?

A

Paranasal sinuses

20
Q

Nasolacrimal duct is formed from

A

Ectoderm of nasolacrimal groove

21
Q

What is the intermaxillary segment?

A

fusion of the paired medial nasal prominence

22
Q

What does the medial nasal prominence give rise to?

A

Labial compartment

23
Q

What are cranial sensory ganglia derived from?

A

Neural crest and ectodermal placodes

24
Q

Five placodes form…

A

 hypophyseal placode – Rathke’s pouch
 olfactory placode – epithelium of nasal cavity
 ventrolateral placode – ganglia of CN VII, IX and X
 dorsolateral placode – otic placodes (membranous labyrinth, spiral and vestibular ganglia)
 intermediate placode – profundal and trigeminal placodes – trigeminal ganglia

25
Q

When does the primary palate begin to form?

A

End of 5th week, not completed until 12th week

26
Q

When does the secondary palate begin to form?

A

6th week

27
Q

What is acrania?

A

No calavria, associated with anecephaly

28
Q

What is craniosyntosis?

A

Premature closure of the sutures

29
Q

What is scaphocephaly?

A

Sagittal suture closes -> skull is LONG and NARROW

30
Q

What is oxycephaly?

A

Coronal suture closes -> skull becomes TALL

31
Q

What is plagiocephaly?

A

Asymmetric closure -> skull become twisted

32
Q

What can cause plagiocephaly?

A

Dysfunction of CN IX and X

33
Q

What is microcephaly?

A

Fontanelles close early and sutures close during the first year; a CNS defect whereby the brain and calvaria fail to grow; accompanied by severe mental retardation

34
Q

Choanal atresia is…

A

Nasal cavity not continuous with pharynx

35
Q

What is the acronym for choanal atresia?

A

C = coloboma of the iris, choroid
H = heart defect
A = atresia of choanae
R = retarded growth
G = genitourinary anomaly
E = ear defect

36
Q

What is microstomia?

A

Excessive merging of maxillary and mandibular prominences

37
Q

Cleft lip involves…

A

Only the lip

38
Q

Anterior cleft involves…

A

Alveolar part of the maxilla, anterior to the incisive foramen

39
Q

Posterior cleft involves…

A

Secondary palate through soft and hard palate

40
Q

Median cleft involves…

A

Failure of medial nasal prominences -> Mohr syndrome

41
Q

Oblique facial cleft extends

A

From upper lip to medial margin of orbit

42
Q

Median cleft of the lower lip involves…

A

Failure of mandibular prominence to fuse

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Head/Neck 2022 (+Shelf) (29 decks)

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