Cranial Nerves Fundamentals Flashcards
Cranial nerve sensory ganglia?
TGIS9+10: Trigeminal (CN V), Geniculate (CN VII), Inferior and Superior ganglia (of CN IX, X)
Cranial nerve motor (i.e. parasympathetic) ganglia?
COPS: Ciliary (CN III), Otic (CN IX), Pterygopalatine (CN VII), Submandibular (CN VII) and Intramural (CN X)
Nerves traversing the jugular foramen?
CN IX, X, XI
Nerves traversing the supraorbital fissure?
CN III, CN IV, V1 [opthalmic]
Nerves traversing the cavernous sinus?
CN III, CN IV, V1 [opthalmic] and V2 [maxillary] + internal carotid plexus [sympathetic]
Nerve traversing the foramen rotundum?
CN V2 [maxillary]
Nerve traversing the foramen ovale?
CN V3 [mandibular]
Nerves traversing the foramen magnum?
CN XI + sympathetic plexus on vertebral artery
Nerves traversing the internal auditory meatus?
CN VII, VIII
Nerve traversing the stylomastoid foramen?
CN VII
Muscles innervated by CN V?
Temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid, anterior belly of digastric muscle, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid
Motor signs with CN V injury?
Asymmetric jaw closing (deviates to good side), atrophy of temporalis, maseter
GSA innervation to upper eyelid?
CN V: opthalmic division
GSA innervation to lower eyelid?
CN V: maxillary divison
GSA innervation to tip of nose?
CN V: opthalmic division
GSA innervation to upper lip?
CN V: maxillary divison
GSA innervation to lower lip?
CN V: mandibular division
GSA innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue?
CN V: mandibular division
Muscles innervated by CN VII?
Muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
Motor signs with CN VII injury?
Bell’s palsy: complete facial paralysis: patient can’t wrinkle forehead, close eye tightly or smile on affected side
Muscle innervated by CN IX?
Stylopharyngeus
Motor signs with CN IX injury?
Dysphagia
Skeletal muscles innervated by CN X?
Levator veli palatini palatoglossus, all pharyngeal (except stylopharyngeus), laryngeal + esophagus
Skeletal muscle innervated by recurrent laryngeal n?
All laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid
Skeletal muscle innervated by external laryngeal n?
Cricothyroid (mabes some constrictor m.)
Motor signs with CN X injury?
Dysphagia, hoarseness, sagging palate, uvula deviates to opposite side
Muscles innervated by CN XI?
Trapezius, SCM
Motor signs with injury to CN XI?
Weakness shrugging shoulder, cannot abduct humerus beyond 90*, weakness turning head to opposite side
Muscles innervated by CN XII?
Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, intrinsic tongue muscles
Motor signs with CN XII injury?
Fasciculations, atrophy, on attempted protrustion the tongue deviates to side of the lesion
Skin innervated by CN VII, IX and X?
Small area around ear
What is Ramsay Hunt syndrome?
Herpes infection in the geniculate ganglion
Signs of Ramsay Hunt syndrome?
IL facial paralysis, hyperacusis, loss of taste, herpes vesicles on external ear, canal
Viscera innervated by CN III?
Sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle
Viscera innervated by CN VII?
Mucosa of nasal cavity, oral cavity, lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands
Viscera innervated by CN IX?
Parotid gland, mucosa of middle ear, mucosa of oropharynx
Viscera innervated by CN X?
Muscosa of larynx, pharynx, all viscera of foregut and midgut
CN and ganglion for taste at the anterior 2/3s of tongue?
CN VII & genticulate ganglion
CN and ganglion for general sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue?
CN V & trigeminal
CN and ganglion for taste at the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
CN IX & inferior ganglion of IX
Signs of Bell’s palsy?
Patient cannot wrinkle their forehead, close eye tightly, wrinkle nose, smile
Signs of CN VII injury at the internal auditory meatus?
IL complete facial paralysis, dry eye, dry mouth, hyperacusis, decreased taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue
Signs of vestibular Schwannoma?
Headache, papilledema, IL complete facial paralysis, dry eye, dry mouth, decreased taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue, hearing loss/tinnitus
Signs of CN VII injury in facial canal?
IL complete facial paralysis; dry mouth, decreased taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue
Signs of CN VII injury at the stylomastoid foramen?
IL complete facial paralysis
Signs of injury to chorda tympani?
Loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue, dry mouth
Signs and symptoms of injury to hypoglossal nerve?
IL, tongue paralysis; on protrusion tongue points towards leison
Signs and symptoms of injury to the motor root of the trigeminal nerve?
IL, paralysis of muscles of mastification, weakness in jaw closing, protusion, dry mouth [parotid]
Signs and symptoms of injury to the tympanic nerve (CN IX)?
Dry mouth [parotid]
Nerves for corneal reflex? [afferent efferent]
CN V, CN VII
Nerves for pupillary light reflex? [afferent efferent]
CN II, CN III
Nerves for jaw jerk? [afferent efferent]
CN V, CN V
Nerves for cough reflex? [afferent efferent]
CN X, CN X [+ C3-T12 for diaphragm and intercostals]
Nerves for gag reflex? [afferent efferent]
CN IX, CN X
Nerve most likely affected with aneursym of ICA in cavernous sinus
CN VI
