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A&P II > Vasculature > Flashcards

Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

what purpose do blood vessels serve in the cardiovascular system?

A

serve as a pathway for blood to travel from one part of the body to another

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2
Q

Blood flow =

A

Pressure gradient/resistance

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3
Q

PRESSURE GRADIENT

A

refers to the difference in pressure between one spot and another

the greater the pressure gradient, the greater the blood flow

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4
Q

RESISTANCE

A

refers to anything that would hinder blood flow

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5
Q

Primary factor that could affect resistance

A

VESSEL DIAMETER/WIDTH - changes regularly

blood viscosity and vessel length also affect resistance

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6
Q

VESSEL WIDTH is REGULARLY CHANGED to

A

REDIRECT BLOOD FLOW FROM ONE ORGAN TO ANOTHER

OR

TO MAINTAIN ADEQUATE BLOOD PRESSURE

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7
Q

VASOCONSTRICTION

A

involves smooth muscles in the vessel wall contracting and narrowing the vessel

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8
Q

VASODILATIONS

A

refers to the smooth muscle relaxing and widening (dilating) the vessel

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9
Q

Know intrinsic and extrinsic vasocontrictors and vasodilators?

A
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10
Q

ARTERIES lead away from heart chambers, branching into

A

small arteries known as ARTERIOLES

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11
Q

ARTERIOLES branch into _____, where ___________ take place

A

CAPILLARIES;
where exchanges between the blood and the tissues take place

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12
Q

VEINS lead back towards heart chambers, beginning as

A

small veins, knowns as VENULES, formed by the merging of capillaries and leading to large veins near the heart

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13
Q

Tunica interna

A

inner lining of the vessel, in direct contact with the blood in the LUMEN

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14
Q

What varies from one type of vessel to another

A

the presence, composition, and thickness of the walls

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15
Q

LARGEST ARTERIES

A

have less smooth muscle and MORE ELASTIC TISSUE in the tunica media, which allows them to STRETCH AND THEN RECOIL

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16
Q

MEDIUM, MUSCULAR ARTERIES - tunica media

A

contains more SMOOTH MUSCLE fibers, less elastic tissue

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17
Q

functions of medium, muscular arteries

A

DISTRIBUTE BLOOD (GENERAL) VIA VASOCONSTRICTION/DILATION

18
Q

functions of ARTERIOLES

A

notable sites for VASOCONSTRICTION AND VASODILATION

greatest influence on BLOOD PRESSURE

determine SPECIFIC CARDIAC OUTPUT DISTRIBUTION (along with smaller arteries)

19
Q

CAPILLARY WALLS

A

single layer of endothelial cells

20
Q

capillaries may have ____ between the cells

A

PORES (FENESTRATIONS)

21
Q

function of pores

A

EXCHANGE of substances between blood and tissues

22
Q

function of venules

A

RETURN BLOOD TO LARGER VEINS

23
Q

two kinds of VENULES

A
  1. POSTCAPILLARY VENULES
  2. MUSCULAR VENULES
24
Q

POSTCAPILLARY VENULES

A

smallest venules

form when several capillaries unite

walls are very porous serve as the site for WBC emigration

25
Q

MUSCULAR VENULES

A

have 1-2 layers of smooth muscle

NO MORE GAS EXCHANGE with interstitial fluid

26
Q

Tunica media in VEINS

A

Less smooth muscle, less elastic tissue

many have valves

27
Q

functions of veins

A

RETURN BLOOD BACK TOWARDS THE HEART CHAMBERS

SERVES AS A BLOOD RESEVOIR

28
Q

VENOUS RETURN

A

ASSISTED BY SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND RESPIRATION

29
Q

blood flow in deep veins is ASSISTED BY

A

BEING COMPRESSED BETWEEN CONTRACTING SKELETAL MUSCLES

30
Q

A notable assist to venous blood flow, along with respiration is

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE PUMP

31
Q

BP =

A

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE/DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

32
Q

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

A

pressure in arteries during ventricular systole

33
Q

DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

A

pressure in arteries during ventricular diastole

34
Q

BP is HIGHEST IN

A

LARGE ARTERIES

35
Q

BP is LOWEST IN

A

VEINS

36
Q

THE VELOCITY OF BLOOD FLOW IS HIGHEST IN

A

LARGE ARTERIES

37
Q

VELOCITY IS SLOWEST IN

A

CAPILLARIES

38
Q

HR, SV, and BP are controlled in the

A

BRAIN STEM

39
Q

THE BRAIN STEM CONTROLS HR, SV, AND BP VIA

A

motor nerves TO HEART (HR, SV)

motor nerves to the SMOOTH MUSCLE OF VESSELS (vasoconstriction/vasodilation)

40
Q

a type of mechanoreceptor that monitors BP in large arteries in the chest/neck (aorta/carotids)

A

BARORECEPTORS

41
Q

hormones that control BP

A

epinephrine
NE
ADH
ANP
Aldosterone

A&P II (13 decks)

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