Endocrine System Overview

Question 1

What structures does the endocrine system consist of?

Answer 1

Glands and other structures that produce hormones

Question 2

Examples of glands and structures that are part of the endocrine system - ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Answer 2

Endocrine Glands
pituitary
pineal
thyroid
parathyroids
adrenals

Question 3

Examples of glands and structures that are part of the endocrine system - GLANDS WITH PARTIAL ENDOCRINE FUNCTION

Answer 3

Glands with partial endocrine function
thymus
pancreas
liver

Question 4

Examples of glands and structures that are part of the endocrine system - NON-GLANDULAR STRUCTURES THAT PRODUCE HORMONES

Answer 4

Non-glandular structures that produce hormones
hypothalamus
skin
heart
stomach
kidneys
small intestine
gonads
placenta

Question 5

What functions does the endocrine system serve in the body?

Answer 5

CONTROLS BODY ACTIVITIES - by chemical messengers known as hormones

Question 6

What is the other principle control system of the body?

Answer 6

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM - by way of nerve impulses

Question 7

Nervous Vs Endocrine

Chemical Messengers:
Distance over which messengers have action:
Type of system:
Speed of response:
Time to terminate a response:
Target organ:

Answer 7

NERVOUS SYSTEM
neorotransmitters
very small (synapses)
wired
very fast (milliseconds)
primarily muscles and glands

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
hormones
may be small or large (via blood)
wireless
slower (seconds or minutes)
most body organs

Question 8

All glands of the body are a subtype of which of the four basic types of tissue?

Answer 8

EPITHELIAL TISSUE (glandular epithelium)

Question 9

What are some differences between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Answer 9

EXOCRINE secrete their products by way of DUCTS that lead to the SURFACE OF THE BODY OR SOME INTERNAL CAVICTY, such as the lumen of the digestive tract

ENDOCRINE glands DO NOT HAVE DUCTS. They secrete their products (hormones) into the intestinal fluid around the secretory cells, and then the products diffuse INTO THE BLOOD to be carried to their target cells

Question 10

Some glads that are considered EXOCRINE

Answer 10

Sebaceous (oil)
Sudoriferous (sweat)
Mammary
Prostate

Question 11

What determines which hormones affect which target cells?

Answer 11

Hormones affect their target cells that have receptors for that specific hormone

Question 12

Local hormones

Answer 12

hormones that are NOT RELEASED INTO THE BLOOD but act on neighboring cells within the tissues they are released

Question 13

Local hormones that affect neighboring cells may be referred to as

Answer 13

PARACRINES

Question 14

Local hormones that affect the same cells that secrete them may be known as

Answer 14

AUTOCERINES

Question 15

Two broad types of hormones:

Answer 15

lipid-soluble

water-soluble

Question 16

Know specific lipid-soluble and water-soluble hormones?

Answer 16

slide 10

Question 17

Receptors for lipid-soluble hormones are located:

Answer 17

WITHINB THE CYTOSOL OR NUCLEUS OF THE TARGET CELL

Question 18

RECEPTORS FOR MOST WATER-SOLUBLE HORMONES ARE LOCATED:

Answer 18

ON THE SURFACE OF THE TARGET CELL

Question 19

Mechanisms for controlling blood levels of hormones

Answer 19

FEEDBACK CONTROL

Question 20

most hormones controlled by feedback mechanisms follow

Answer 20

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

the production of hormone does the opposite of blood level

example: if blood levels rise, the glad produces less hormone

Question 21

few hormones controlled by feedback mechanisms follow

Answer 21

POSITIVE FEEDBACK loops

output parallels with input

used to move from equilibruim

Question 22

NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL influences the release of many hormones.

Which part of the nervous system would be involved?

Answer 22

HYPOTHALAMUS
AUTONOMIC DIVISIONS

Question 23

daylight influencing the release of hormones is an example of

Answer 23

EXTERNAL CUES AND RHYTHMS that affect hormone levels in the blood