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A&P II > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

How could you describe the location of the pituitary gland?

A

It’s CONNTECTE TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS by a stalk known and the INFUNDIBULUM

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2
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

consists of GLANDULAR epithelial tissue

PRODUCES HORMONES that can be collectively referred to as “TROPIC” HORMONES

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3
Q

Release of hormones from the anterior pituitary occurs by:

A
  1. stimulating and inhibiting HORMONES FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS
  2. HORMONES IN THE BLOOD FROM TARGET ORGANS (provides input for negative feedback loops for pituitary hormone secretion)
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4
Q

Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary

synthesis and secretion of IGF’s that are small protein hormones

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5
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

Source: ANTERIOR PITUITARY

INITIATES AND MAINTAINS THE PRODUCTION OF MILK BY MAMMARY GLANDS

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6
Q

THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

A

Source: ANTERIOR PITUITARY

STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF T HORMONES (T3 AND T4) FROM THE THYROID

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7
Q

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

A

Source: ANTERIOR PITUITARY

STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION OF CORTISOL BY THE ADRENAL GLANDS

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8
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

NOT A GLAND; DOES NOT PRODUCE HORMONES

STORES AND RELEASES TWO HORMONES THAT ARE SYNTHESIZED IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS:

  1. OXYTOCIN
  2. ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)
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9
Q

OXYTOCIN (OT)

A

Produced: hypothalamus
Stored and released by: posterior pituitary

CONTRACTION OF THE SMOOTH MUSCLE IN THE WALL OF THE UTERUS

MILK EJECTION FROM MAMMARY GLANDS

may foster FEELINGS OF BONDING AND PARENTAL CARETAKING BEHAVIORS

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10
Q

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

A

Produced: hypothalamus
Stored and released by: posterior pituitary

STIMULATES REABSORPTION OF WATER BY THE KIDNEYS

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11
Q

Where is the thyroid located?

A

Inferior to the lyric and anterior to the trachea

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12
Q

The number in T3 and T4 represent the number of atoms of which element?

A

iodine

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13
Q

T3 and T4

A

T3 is more potent
Once T4 enters target cells, most of it is converted to T3

Source: THYROID GLAND

Function: increase basal metabolic rate (BMR)

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14
Q

Calcitonin

A

Source: THYROID (parafollicular cells)

CAUSES A DECREASE IN BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS

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15
Q

Location of Parathyroid glands

A

POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE THYROID GLAND

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16
Q

PARATHYROID HORMONE

A

Source: PARATHYROID GLANDS

INCREASE BLOOD CALCIUM

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17
Q

CALCITRIOL

A

the active form of Vitamins D

AIDS IN ABSORPTION OF DIETARY CALCIUM

FORMED BY THE SKIN from cholesterol if SUFFICIENT UV RADIATION is present

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18
Q

Adrenal glands

A

located SUPERIOR TO EACH KIDNEY

Two regions:
1. OUTER ADRENAL CORTEX
2. INNTER ADRENAL MEDULLA

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19
Q

THE OURTER ADRENAL CORTEX is divided into 3 ____, with each one producing a different group of ____

A

zone; hormones.

20
Q

3 zones of the adrenal cortex

A

Outer
Middle
Inner

21
Q

The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces

A

aldosterone

22
Q

The middle zone of the adrenal cortex produces

A

cortisolt

23
Q

the inner zone of the adrenal cortex produces

A

small amounts of androgens

24
Q

Aldosterone

A

Source: Adrenal Cortex

Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water follows

25
Q

Cortisol

A

Source: middle layer of the adrenal cortex

Causes glucogenesis - the conversion of something other than glycogen to glucose

helps the body to resist stress

anti-inflammatory effects in the short-term

26
Q

Adrenal Androgens

A

Source: inner zone of the adrenal cortex

Stimulate growth of axillary and pubic hair

contribute to growth spurts at puberty

in adult females - promotes sex drive

27
Q

The adrenal medulla consists of

A

modified postganglionic ganglia of the sympathetic division of the nervous system

28
Q

the adrenal medulla secretes

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

both hormones REINFORCE MANY OF THE EFFECTS OF THE SYPMPATHETIC DIVISION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

29
Q

List 6 hormones important to our stress response

A

epinephrine
norepinephrine
cortisol
hGH
IGF’s (insulin like growth factors)
thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

30
Q

pancreas

A

the flattened organ posterior to the stomach

31
Q

99% of your pancreas is a

A

exocrine gland

32
Q

interspersed among the pancreatic exocrine cells are

A

small clusters or “islets” of endocrine cells that produce hormones

33
Q

Pancreatic islet hormones

A

glucagon
insulin

34
Q

Glucagon

A

Source: pancreatic islet cells

raises blood glucose levels

35
Q

Insulin

A

Source: Pancreatic islet cells

lowers blood glucose levels

36
Q

pineal gland

A

located in the roof of the third ventricle of the brain

produces melatonin

37
Q

Melatonin

A

Source: Pineal gland

body’s biological clock

38
Q

Thymus gland is located

A

posterior to the sternum

39
Q

Thymosin

A

Source: thymus

promote the maturation of a type of white blood cells known as T cells (or T lymphocytes)

40
Q

Leptin

A

Source: Adipose tissue

Suppresses appetite

41
Q

Ghrelin

A

Source: Stomach

increase appetite

42
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Source: kidneys

stimulates RBC production

43
Q

Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

Source: heart

decreases blood pressure

44
Q

Most endocrine disorders are due to what type of problems?

A

hypersecretion or hypo secretion of hormones

45
Q

Occasionally, receptors on target cells may become

A

resistant to hormones

A&P II (18 decks)

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