Hormones

Question 1

How could you describe the location of the pituitary gland?

Answer 1

It’s CONNTECTE TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS by a stalk known and the INFUNDIBULUM

Question 2

Anterior pituitary

Answer 2

consists of GLANDULAR epithelial tissue

PRODUCES HORMONES that can be collectively referred to as “TROPIC” HORMONES

Question 3

Release of hormones from the anterior pituitary occurs by:

Answer 3

1. stimulating and inhibiting HORMONES FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS
2. HORMONES IN THE BLOOD FROM TARGET ORGANS (provides input for negative feedback loops for pituitary hormone secretion)

Question 4

Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

Answer 4

Source: Anterior Pituitary

synthesis and secretion of IGF’s that are small protein hormones

Question 5

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 5

Source: ANTERIOR PITUITARY

INITIATES AND MAINTAINS THE PRODUCTION OF MILK BY MAMMARY GLANDS

Question 6

THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

Answer 6

Source: ANTERIOR PITUITARY

STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF T HORMONES (T3 AND T4) FROM THE THYROID

Question 7

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

Answer 7

Source: ANTERIOR PITUITARY

STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION OF CORTISOL BY THE ADRENAL GLANDS

Question 8

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 8

NOT A GLAND; DOES NOT PRODUCE HORMONES

STORES AND RELEASES TWO HORMONES THAT ARE SYNTHESIZED IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS:

1. OXYTOCIN
2. ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

Question 9

OXYTOCIN (OT)

Answer 9

Produced: hypothalamus
Stored and released by: posterior pituitary

CONTRACTION OF THE SMOOTH MUSCLE IN THE WALL OF THE UTERUS

MILK EJECTION FROM MAMMARY GLANDS

may foster FEELINGS OF BONDING AND PARENTAL CARETAKING BEHAVIORS

Question 10

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

Answer 10

Produced: hypothalamus
Stored and released by: posterior pituitary

STIMULATES REABSORPTION OF WATER BY THE KIDNEYS

Question 11

Where is the thyroid located?

Answer 11

Inferior to the lyric and anterior to the trachea

Question 12

The number in T3 and T4 represent the number of atoms of which element?

Answer 12

iodine

Question 13

T3 and T4

Answer 13

T3 is more potent
Once T4 enters target cells, most of it is converted to T3

Source: THYROID GLAND

Function: increase basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 14

Calcitonin

Answer 14

Source: THYROID (parafollicular cells)

CAUSES A DECREASE IN BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS

Question 15

Location of Parathyroid glands

Answer 15

POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE THYROID GLAND

Question 16

PARATHYROID HORMONE

Answer 16

Source: PARATHYROID GLANDS

INCREASE BLOOD CALCIUM

Question 17

CALCITRIOL

Answer 17

the active form of Vitamins D

AIDS IN ABSORPTION OF DIETARY CALCIUM

FORMED BY THE SKIN from cholesterol if SUFFICIENT UV RADIATION is present

Question 18

Adrenal glands

Answer 18

located SUPERIOR TO EACH KIDNEY

Two regions:
1. OUTER ADRENAL CORTEX
2. INNTER ADRENAL MEDULLA

Question 19

THE OURTER ADRENAL CORTEX is divided into 3 ____, with each one producing a different group of ____

Answer 19

zone; hormones.

Question 20

3 zones of the adrenal cortex

Answer 20

Outer
Middle
Inner

Question 21

The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces

Answer 21

aldosterone

Question 22

The middle zone of the adrenal cortex produces

Answer 22

cortisolt

Question 23

the inner zone of the adrenal cortex produces

Answer 23

small amounts of androgens

Question 24

Aldosterone

Answer 24

Source: Adrenal Cortex

Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water follows

Question 25

Cortisol

Answer 25

Source: middle layer of the adrenal cortex Causes glucogenesis - the conversion of something other than glycogen to glucose helps the body to resist stress anti-inflammatory effects in the short-term

Question 26

Adrenal Androgens

Answer 26

Source: inner zone of the adrenal cortex Stimulate growth of axillary and pubic hair contribute to growth spurts at puberty in adult females - promotes sex drive

Question 27

The adrenal medulla consists of

Answer 27

modified postganglionic ganglia of the sympathetic division of the nervous system

Question 28

the adrenal medulla secretes

Answer 28

epinephrine and norepinephrine both hormones REINFORCE MANY OF THE EFFECTS OF THE SYPMPATHETIC DIVISION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 29

List 6 hormones important to our stress response

Answer 29

epinephrine norepinephrine cortisol hGH IGF's (insulin like growth factors) thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Question 30

pancreas

Answer 30

the flattened organ posterior to the stomach

Question 31

99% of your pancreas is a

Answer 31

exocrine gland

Question 32

interspersed among the pancreatic exocrine cells are

Answer 32

small clusters or "islets" of endocrine cells that produce hormones

Question 33

Pancreatic islet hormones

Answer 33

glucagon insulin

Question 34

Glucagon

Answer 34

Source: pancreatic islet cells raises blood glucose levels

Question 35

Insulin

Answer 35

Source: Pancreatic islet cells lowers blood glucose levels

Question 36

pineal gland

Answer 36

located in the roof of the third ventricle of the brain produces melatonin

Question 37

Melatonin

Answer 37

Source: Pineal gland body's biological clock

Question 38

Thymus gland is located

Answer 38

posterior to the sternum

Question 39

Thymosin

Answer 39

Source: thymus promote the maturation of a type of white blood cells known as T cells (or T lymphocytes)

Question 40

Leptin

Answer 40

Source: Adipose tissue Suppresses appetite

Question 41

Ghrelin

Answer 41

Source: Stomach increase appetite

Question 42

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 42

Source: kidneys stimulates RBC production

Question 43

Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer 43

Source: heart decreases blood pressure

Question 44

Most endocrine disorders are due to what type of problems?

Answer 44

hypersecretion or hypo secretion of hormones

Question 45

Occasionally, receptors on target cells may become

Answer 45

resistant to hormones