Digestive System 1 Flashcards
what is the name of the tube that the digestive tract consists of?
alimentary canal
major portions of the alimentary canal
oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
accessory structures are located either
within the alimentary canal (teeth and tongue)
or
connected to it by way of ducts (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)
6 principle classifications of nutrients
carbohydrates
vitamines
lipids/fats
minerals
proteins
water
the wall of the alimentary canal consists of four basic layers surrounding the LUMEN:
from directly surrounding the lumen outward
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
MUCOSA
A MUCOUS MEMBRANE composed of a layer of EPITHELIUM
SUBMUCOSA
surrounds the mucosa and consists of areolar connective tissue
CONTAINS NUMEROUS BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC VESSELS
SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS
conveys motor impulses to secretory cells of the mucosal epithelium
much of the alimentary canal has …..that make up the MUSCULARIS, though _____ _____ are seen in the muscular of the stomach
TWO LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE;
three layers
the two layers of the _____ consists of an inner sheet of fibers that run around the tube (CIRCULAR fibers) while outer fibers run the length of the tube (LONGITUDINAL fibers)
MUSCULARIS
what part of the alimentary canal CONTAIN SKELETAL MUSCLE IN THE MUSCULARIS
MOUTH
PHARYNX
UPPER ESOPHAGUS
ANAL CANAL
contractions of the se muscles produce the voluntary movements of swallowing and defecation
the _____ surrounds the muscular in the abdominopelvic cavity
SEROSA;
___ is a SEROUS MEMBRANE consisting of areolar connective tissue that anchors the alimentary canal to surrounding organs and is also referred to as the VISCERAL PERITONEUM
SEROSA
which TWO DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM influence the activities of the digestive system
autonomic
enteric
in general, neurons of the ______ division of the nervous system STIMULATE digestive activity, while those of the _______ division INHIBIT digestion
PARASYMPATHETIC
SYMPATHETIC
the _____ _____ supplies parasympathetic input to much of the alimentary canal, along with the nerve fib res from the sacral spinal cord
VAGUS NERVE (CN X)
the _____ _____ of the nervous system consists of two plexuses associated with the digestive system – the ____ ____ and the _____ _____
ENTERIC;
MYENTERIC PLUXUS
SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS
MYENTERIC PLEXUS
located between the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis
SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS
found in the submucosa
what consist of sensory, motor, and interneurons and may function independently of the CNS?
the plexi of the enteric division
SENSORY NEURONS in the enteric plexuses convey impulses from
chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors which respond to chemicals and the presence of food in the alimentary canal
INTERNEURONS in the enteric plexuses connect
neurons of the two plexuses
MOTOR NEURONS of the ____ _____ trigger contraction of muscles o the muscularis while those of the ____ ____ trigger secretions into the lumen of the tract
myenteric plexus
submucosal plexus
4 BASIC PROCESSES that occur to varying extents in different parts of the digestive system
MOTILITY
SECRETION
DIGESTION
ABSORPTION
_____ refers to mixing movements such as chewing or propulsive movements such as peristalsis
MOTILITY
______ are mixtures of substances such as mucus, enzymes, or buffers are released into the lumen of the alimentary canal
SECRETIONS
_____ is the breakdown of larger to smaller particles
DIGESTION
two types of digestion
MECHANICAL - physically breaking food apart (chewing)
CHEMICAL - using enzymes to break bonds holding food molecules together
_____ is when small food particles are taken into the blood or lymph
ABSORPTION
the _____ ____ _____ ______ separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
HARD AND SOFT PALATES
_____ hangs down from the back of the soft palate and closes off the nasopharynx when swallowing
UVULA
lateral to the base of the uvula is the palatogossal arch and the palotopharyngeal arch. These two muscular folds fun down the lateral sides of the soft palate. Between these two arches are the ____ ____
PALATINE TONSILS
