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A&P II > Digestive System 1 > Flashcards

Digestive System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of the tube that the digestive tract consists of?

A

alimentary canal

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2
Q

major portions of the alimentary canal

A

oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine

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3
Q

accessory structures are located either

A

within the alimentary canal (teeth and tongue)

or

connected to it by way of ducts (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)

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4
Q

6 principle classifications of nutrients

A

carbohydrates
vitamines
lipids/fats
minerals
proteins
water

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5
Q

the wall of the alimentary canal consists of four basic layers surrounding the LUMEN:

from directly surrounding the lumen outward

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

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6
Q

MUCOSA

A

A MUCOUS MEMBRANE composed of a layer of EPITHELIUM

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7
Q

SUBMUCOSA

A

surrounds the mucosa and consists of areolar connective tissue

CONTAINS NUMEROUS BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC VESSELS

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8
Q

SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS

A

conveys motor impulses to secretory cells of the mucosal epithelium

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9
Q

much of the alimentary canal has …..that make up the MUSCULARIS, though _____ _____ are seen in the muscular of the stomach

A

TWO LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE;

three layers

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10
Q

the two layers of the _____ consists of an inner sheet of fibers that run around the tube (CIRCULAR fibers) while outer fibers run the length of the tube (LONGITUDINAL fibers)

A

MUSCULARIS

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11
Q

what part of the alimentary canal CONTAIN SKELETAL MUSCLE IN THE MUSCULARIS

A

MOUTH
PHARYNX
UPPER ESOPHAGUS
ANAL CANAL

contractions of the se muscles produce the voluntary movements of swallowing and defecation

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12
Q

the _____ surrounds the muscular in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

SEROSA;

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13
Q

___ is a SEROUS MEMBRANE consisting of areolar connective tissue that anchors the alimentary canal to surrounding organs and is also referred to as the VISCERAL PERITONEUM

A

SEROSA

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14
Q

which TWO DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM influence the activities of the digestive system

A

autonomic
enteric

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15
Q

in general, neurons of the ______ division of the nervous system STIMULATE digestive activity, while those of the _______ division INHIBIT digestion

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

SYMPATHETIC

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16
Q

the _____ _____ supplies parasympathetic input to much of the alimentary canal, along with the nerve fib res from the sacral spinal cord

A

VAGUS NERVE (CN X)

17
Q

the _____ _____ of the nervous system consists of two plexuses associated with the digestive system – the ____ ____ and the _____ _____

A

ENTERIC;

MYENTERIC PLUXUS

SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS

18
Q

MYENTERIC PLEXUS

A

located between the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis

19
Q

SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS

A

found in the submucosa

20
Q

what consist of sensory, motor, and interneurons and may function independently of the CNS?

A

the plexi of the enteric division

21
Q

SENSORY NEURONS in the enteric plexuses convey impulses from

A

chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors which respond to chemicals and the presence of food in the alimentary canal

22
Q

INTERNEURONS in the enteric plexuses connect

A

neurons of the two plexuses

23
Q

MOTOR NEURONS of the ____ _____ trigger contraction of muscles o the muscularis while those of the ____ ____ trigger secretions into the lumen of the tract

A

myenteric plexus

submucosal plexus

24
Q

4 BASIC PROCESSES that occur to varying extents in different parts of the digestive system

A

MOTILITY

SECRETION

DIGESTION

ABSORPTION

25
Q

_____ refers to mixing movements such as chewing or propulsive movements such as peristalsis

A

MOTILITY

26
Q

______ are mixtures of substances such as mucus, enzymes, or buffers are released into the lumen of the alimentary canal

A

SECRETIONS

27
Q

_____ is the breakdown of larger to smaller particles

A

DIGESTION

28
Q

two types of digestion

A

MECHANICAL - physically breaking food apart (chewing)

CHEMICAL - using enzymes to break bonds holding food molecules together

29
Q

_____ is when small food particles are taken into the blood or lymph

A

ABSORPTION

30
Q

the _____ ____ _____ ______ separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

A

HARD AND SOFT PALATES

31
Q

_____ hangs down from the back of the soft palate and closes off the nasopharynx when swallowing

A

UVULA

32
Q

lateral to the base of the uvula is the palatogossal arch and the palotopharyngeal arch. These two muscular folds fun down the lateral sides of the soft palate. Between these two arches are the ____ ____

A

PALATINE TONSILS

A&P II (13 decks)

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