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A&P II > Reproductive system 1 > Flashcards

Reproductive system 1 Flashcards

1
Q

another term used to refer to reproduction

A

CONTINUITY

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2
Q

the principle reproductive organs in either females or males could be referred to as

A

GONADS

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3
Q

Name of gonads in females? In males?

A

OVARIES

TESTES

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4
Q

gonads serve what two principle functions?

A

produce gametes (gametogenesis)

produce hormones

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5
Q

in addition to gonads, other reproductive structures may be loosely grouped into one of these categories:

A

DUCTS:

ACCESSORY GLANDS:

SUPPORTING STRUCTURES:

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6
Q

DUCTS

A

store and/or transport gametes

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7
Q

ACCESSORY GLANDS

A

produce substances that protect gametes or facilitate their movement

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8
Q

SUPPORTING STRUCTURES

A

support/protect gonads, facilitate delivery/joining of gametes, and/or assist the growth of an embryo/fetus during pregnancy

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9
Q

TESTES

A

MALE GONADS

  • paired oval glands located in the scrotum
  • they are about 2 in. long and 1 in. in diameter
  • develop in abd. cavity and then descend into the scrotum from the abdominal cavity in the latter 7th month of development
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10
Q

condition of undescended testes

A

cryptorchidism

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11
Q

a testis is separated by septa into 200-300 wedge-shaped compartments called lobules.

each lobule contains 1-3 tightly coiled ____ ______

A

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

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12
Q

_____ _____ - develop into spermatocytes. _____ ____ progress from spermatogonium to sperm cells during spermatogenesis

A

SPERMATOGENIC CELLS (X2)

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13
Q

____ _____ - nourish, phagocytize excess cytoplasm, control movements of spermatogenic cells, produce fluid for sperm transport, release inhibit, and regulate testosterone and FSH

A

SERTOLI

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14
Q

between the seminiferous tubules are _______ CELLS. These produce the androgenic hormone testosterone

A

LEYDIG

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15
Q

The production of gametes in males is referred to as _______ and occurs in the walls of _______ _______ of the testes

A

SPERMATOGENESIS;

seminiferous tubules

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16
Q

when does spermatogenesis begin and end in males?

A

begins at puberty

ends at death

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17
Q

parts of a sperm cells

A

HEAD
ACROSOME
TAIL_

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18
Q

the _____ of sperm contain the nucleus/genetic material

A

HEAD

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19
Q

the _____ over the head of sperm has enzymes to break down the wall of an egg cell

A

ACROSOME

20
Q

the _____ of sperm contains mitochondria wrapped around a middle piece for energy

A

TAIL

21
Q

spermatozoa are produced in the _____ ____ of the testes and mature in the _____

A

seminiferous tubules

epididymis

22
Q

functions of testosterone

A

stimulate descent of testes before birth

trigger prenatal development of the male reproductive tract

converted to estrogens in the brain - may help with the dev. of some brain parts

regulates spermatogenesis

sexual behavior and drive

promotes development/maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics such as hair patterns, deep voices, increases musculature

23
Q

the ducts that lead from the testes to the exterior

A

epididymis

vas deferens

ejaculatory duct

urethra

24
Q

SITE OF SPERM MATURATION - they become motile and functional, which takes about 14 days

A

EPIDIDYMIS

25
Q

3 PARTS OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

PROSTATIC URETHRA

MEMBRANOUS URETHRA

SPONGY (penile) URETHRA

26
Q

accessory glands of the reproductive system contribute substances that MAKE UP A BULK OF

A

SEMEN

27
Q

accessory glands of the male reproductive system

A

two seminal vesicles

prostate gland

paired bulbourethral gland

28
Q

the SECRETIONS of seminal vesicles make up about 60% of

A

THE VOLUME OF SEMEN

29
Q

seminal vesicles contribute these substances to semen

A

ALKALINE FLUID - to neutralize acidity of the vaginal canal

FRUCTOSE

30
Q

location of the prostate

A

inferior to the urinary bladder

receives the ejaculatory ducts

SURROUNDS THE PROSTATIC URETHRA

31
Q

the prostate contributes the following to semen

A

CITRIC ACID - for ATP production

ENZYMES that break down clotting proteins from seminal vesicles

ANTIBIOTIC SUBSTANCE

ABOUT 25% OF SEMEN VOLUME

32
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

secrete ALKALINE FLUID AND MUCUS

SECRETIONS MAKE UP 1-5% OF SEMEN VOLUME

33
Q

the spermatic cord consists of

A

the vas deferens
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels
nerves
cremaster muscleth

34
Q

the spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve PASS THROUGH THE

A

INGUINAL CANAL

35
Q

The scrotum is divided into two sides by

A

an INTERNAL SEPTUM

36
Q

DARTOS MUSCLE

A

consists of smooth muscle in the walls and septum and causes the scrotum to become tight/shriveled, reducing heat loss

37
Q

CREMASTER MUSCLE

A

an internal band of skeletal muscle (extension of external oblique) associated with each testis that can pull testes closer to the body and internal heat

38
Q

what is the purpose of the contraction and relaxation of the DARTOS AND CREMASTER MUSCLES?

A

TEMP REGULATION OF THE TESTES

39
Q

the penis consists of

A

body
glans penis
root

40
Q

the body of the penis consists of 3 cylinders that may become erect:

A

2 dorsolateral cylinders - CORPA CAVERNOSA

1 mid ventral cylinder - CORPUS SPONGIOSUM

41
Q

GLANS PENIS

A

Acorn-shaped, does not become erect.

it’s rim, the corona, is highly invested with tactile receptors

42
Q

ROOT of the penis consists of

A

a bulb (base of corpus spongiosum) and two crura (base of the corpus cavernosa)

43
Q

the corpus cavernous and spongiosum of the penis consist of ____ ____, with spaces (sinuses) surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue

A

ERECTILE TISSUE

44
Q

upon sexual stimulation, _______ fibers from the ___ _____ OF THE SPINAL CORD trigger the release of nitric oxide (NO)

A

PARASYMPATHETIC;

SACRAL PORTION

45
Q

Ejaculation is a ___ ____ centered in the _____ _____ and utilizes the ______ division

A

spinal reflex;

LUMBAR CORD;

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

A&P II (18 decks)

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