Reproductive system 1

Question 1

another term used to refer to reproduction

Answer 1

CONTINUITY

Question 2

the principle reproductive organs in either females or males could be referred to as

Answer 2

GONADS

Question 3

Name of gonads in females? In males?

Answer 3

OVARIES

TESTES

Question 4

gonads serve what two principle functions?

Answer 4

produce gametes (gametogenesis)

produce hormones

Question 5

in addition to gonads, other reproductive structures may be loosely grouped into one of these categories:

Answer 5

DUCTS:

ACCESSORY GLANDS:

SUPPORTING STRUCTURES:

Question 6

DUCTS

Answer 6

store and/or transport gametes

Question 7

ACCESSORY GLANDS

Answer 7

produce substances that protect gametes or facilitate their movement

Question 8

SUPPORTING STRUCTURES

Answer 8

support/protect gonads, facilitate delivery/joining of gametes, and/or assist the growth of an embryo/fetus during pregnancy

Question 9

TESTES

Answer 9

MALE GONADS

• paired oval glands located in the scrotum
• they are about 2 in. long and 1 in. in diameter
• develop in abd. cavity and then descend into the scrotum from the abdominal cavity in the latter 7th month of development

Question 10

condition of undescended testes

Answer 10

cryptorchidism

Question 11

a testis is separated by septa into 200-300 wedge-shaped compartments called lobules.

each lobule contains 1-3 tightly coiled ____ ______

Answer 11

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

Question 12

_____ _____ - develop into spermatocytes. _____ ____ progress from spermatogonium to sperm cells during spermatogenesis

Answer 12

SPERMATOGENIC CELLS (X2)

Question 13

____ _____ - nourish, phagocytize excess cytoplasm, control movements of spermatogenic cells, produce fluid for sperm transport, release inhibit, and regulate testosterone and FSH

Answer 13

SERTOLI

Question 14

between the seminiferous tubules are _______ CELLS. These produce the androgenic hormone testosterone

Answer 14

LEYDIG

Question 15

The production of gametes in males is referred to as _______ and occurs in the walls of _______ _______ of the testes

Answer 15

SPERMATOGENESIS;

seminiferous tubules

Question 16

when does spermatogenesis begin and end in males?

Answer 16

begins at puberty

ends at death

Question 17

parts of a sperm cells

Answer 17

HEAD
ACROSOME
TAIL_

Question 18

the _____ of sperm contain the nucleus/genetic material

Answer 18

HEAD

Question 19

the _____ over the head of sperm has enzymes to break down the wall of an egg cell

Answer 19

ACROSOME

Question 20

the _____ of sperm contains mitochondria wrapped around a middle piece for energy

Answer 20

TAIL

Question 21

spermatozoa are produced in the _____ ____ of the testes and mature in the _____

Answer 21

seminiferous tubules

epididymis

Question 22

functions of testosterone

Answer 22

stimulate descent of testes before birth

trigger prenatal development of the male reproductive tract

converted to estrogens in the brain - may help with the dev. of some brain parts

regulates spermatogenesis

sexual behavior and drive

promotes development/maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics such as hair patterns, deep voices, increases musculature

Question 23

the ducts that lead from the testes to the exterior

Answer 23

epididymis

vas deferens

ejaculatory duct

urethra

Question 24

SITE OF SPERM MATURATION - they become motile and functional, which takes about 14 days

Answer 24

EPIDIDYMIS

Question 25

3 PARTS OF THE MALE URETHRA

Answer 25

PROSTATIC URETHRA MEMBRANOUS URETHRA SPONGY (penile) URETHRA

Question 26

accessory glands of the reproductive system contribute substances that MAKE UP A BULK OF

Answer 26

SEMEN

Question 27

accessory glands of the male reproductive system

Answer 27

two seminal vesicles prostate gland paired bulbourethral gland

Question 28

the SECRETIONS of seminal vesicles make up about 60% of

Answer 28

THE VOLUME OF SEMEN

Question 29

seminal vesicles contribute these substances to semen

Answer 29

ALKALINE FLUID - to neutralize acidity of the vaginal canal FRUCTOSE

Question 30

location of the prostate

Answer 30

inferior to the urinary bladder receives the ejaculatory ducts SURROUNDS THE PROSTATIC URETHRA

Question 31

the prostate contributes the following to semen

Answer 31

CITRIC ACID - for ATP production ENZYMES that break down clotting proteins from seminal vesicles ANTIBIOTIC SUBSTANCE ***ABOUT 25% OF SEMEN VOLUME***

Question 32

bulbourethral glands

Answer 32

secrete ALKALINE FLUID AND MUCUS SECRETIONS MAKE UP 1-5% OF SEMEN VOLUME

Question 33

the spermatic cord consists of

Answer 33

the vas deferens blood vessels lymphatic vessels nerves cremaster muscleth

Question 34

the spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve PASS THROUGH THE

Answer 34

INGUINAL CANAL

Question 35

The scrotum is divided into two sides by

Answer 35

an INTERNAL SEPTUM

Question 36

DARTOS MUSCLE

Answer 36

consists of smooth muscle in the walls and septum and causes the scrotum to become tight/shriveled, reducing heat loss

Question 37

CREMASTER MUSCLE

Answer 37

an internal band of skeletal muscle (extension of external oblique) associated with each testis that can pull testes closer to the body and internal heat

Question 38

what is the purpose of the contraction and relaxation of the DARTOS AND CREMASTER MUSCLES?

Answer 38

TEMP REGULATION OF THE TESTES

Question 39

the penis consists of

Answer 39

body glans penis root

Question 40

the body of the penis consists of 3 cylinders that may become erect:

Answer 40

2 dorsolateral cylinders - CORPA CAVERNOSA 1 mid ventral cylinder - CORPUS SPONGIOSUM

Question 41

GLANS PENIS

Answer 41

Acorn-shaped, does not become erect. it's rim, the corona, is highly invested with tactile receptors

Question 42

ROOT of the penis consists of

Answer 42

a bulb (base of corpus spongiosum) and two crura (base of the corpus cavernosa)

Question 43

the corpus cavernous and spongiosum of the penis consist of ____ ____, with spaces (sinuses) surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue

Answer 43

ERECTILE TISSUE

Question 44

upon sexual stimulation, _______ fibers from the ___ _____ OF THE SPINAL CORD trigger the release of nitric oxide (NO)

Answer 44

PARASYMPATHETIC; SACRAL PORTION

Question 45

Ejaculation is a ___ ____ centered in the _____ _____ and utilizes the ______ division

Answer 45

spinal reflex; LUMBAR CORD; SYMPATHETIC DIVISION