Metabolism Flashcards
Metabolism
TOTAL OF ALL THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE IN YOUR BODY
ANABOLIC REACTIONS
BUILD LARGER STRUCTURES FROM SMALLER ONES
CATABOLIC REACTIONS
BREAK LARGER STRUCTURES INTO SMALLER ONES
ANABOLISM + CATABOLISM =
METABOLISM
What molecule is most often participates in the exchange of energy between anabolic and catabolic reactions?
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
catabolic reaction -
ATP -> ADP + P + energy
anabolic reaction -
ADP + P + energy –> ATP
a calorie
THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAIST 1 GRAM OF WATER ONE DEGREE CELSIUS
KILOCALORIE
equals 1000 calories
what’s labeled on food lables
the rate at which metabolic reactions use energy
METABOLIC RATE
energy used under standard conditions with the body in a quiet, relaxed, fasting condition
BASAL METABOLISM
the rate at which energy is used in basal state is referred to as
BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR)
INFLUENCES ON BMR
MUSCLE MASS
HORMONES - T3 AND T4
AGE
_____ _____ FOR MOST PEOPLE IS QUITE SIMILAR, energy used for DAILY ACTIVITIES may ____ ____ from one individual to another
BASAL METABOLISM;
VARY MARKEDLY
ENERGY OUTPUT needs to be balanced with
ENERGY INTAKE
CLASSES OF NUTRIENTS TAHT CONTAIN KILOCALORIES
CARBS
PROTEINS
LIPIDS/FATS
energy per gram in each type of nutrient
CARBS = 4 KCALS/GRAM
PROTIEN = 4 KCALS/GRAM
LIPIDS = 9 KCALS/GRAM
ENERGY IN ALCOHOL
7 KCALS/GRAM
***NOT CONSIDERED A NUTRIENT
imbalance of energy intake and output may be evidenced by:
CHANGE IN BODY WIEGHT
losing body fat will most likely be achieved by:
lies but need to know for class
DECREASING CALORIC INTAKE
INCREASING CALORIC OUTPUT
A measure of body composition - fat and air float, lean tissue sinks. By comparing air weight to underwater weight, a very accurate measure of body composition may be made
HYDROSTATIC WEIGHINT
carbohydrate digestion
MECHANICAL DIGESTION
- mouth and stomach
CHEMICAL DIGESTION
- mouth: salivary amylase
- Small intestine - enzymes from pancreas and brush boarder
all carbohydrates are absorbed as _______ in the small intestine
MONOSACCHARIDES
monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, galactose) arrancó absorbed into the ____, then carried by the ___ ___ ___ to the liver
BLOOD;
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
protein digestion
MECHANICAL DIGESTION
- mouth and stomach
CHEMICAL DIGESTION
- Stomach: pepsin
- Small intestine: enzymes from pancreas and brush boarder of small intestine
most proteins are absorbed as ____ ____ in the duodenum and jejunum of the small intestine
AMINO ACIDS
amino acids are absorbed into the ____ and carried by the ____ ____ ___ to the liver. from their they enter general circulation
BLOOD;
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
lipid digestion
MECHANICAL DIGESTION
- mouth and stomach
CHEMICAL DIGESTION
- mouth: salivary lipase
- stomach: gastric lipase
- Small intestine: enzymes from pancreas after emulsification by bile from the liver and gallbladder
triglycerides are broken into ____ and ____ ___ ___, which are absorbable
GLYCERAL
FREE FATTY ACIDS
certain fatty acids (small short-chain) are more water soluble and are absorbed into the _____ capillaries of small intestinal villi and carried by the ____ ____ ___ to the liver
BLOOD;
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
chylomicrons are too large to enter blood capillaries, and instead enter _____ capillaries in the small intestinal villi. they are then carried by the ____ ____ to the left subclavian vein and finally the blood
LYMPH;
THORACIC DUCT
