Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

TOTAL OF ALL THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE IN YOUR BODY

Question 2

ANABOLIC REACTIONS

Answer 2

BUILD LARGER STRUCTURES FROM SMALLER ONES

Question 3

CATABOLIC REACTIONS

Answer 3

BREAK LARGER STRUCTURES INTO SMALLER ONES

Question 4

ANABOLISM + CATABOLISM =

Answer 4

METABOLISM

Question 5

What molecule is most often participates in the exchange of energy between anabolic and catabolic reactions?

Answer 5

ATP - adenosine triphosphate

catabolic reaction -
ATP -> ADP + P + energy

anabolic reaction -
ADP + P + energy –> ATP

Question 6

a calorie

Answer 6

THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAIST 1 GRAM OF WATER ONE DEGREE CELSIUS

Question 7

KILOCALORIE

Answer 7

equals 1000 calories

what’s labeled on food lables

Question 8

the rate at which metabolic reactions use energy

Answer 8

METABOLIC RATE

Question 9

energy used under standard conditions with the body in a quiet, relaxed, fasting condition

Answer 9

BASAL METABOLISM

Question 10

the rate at which energy is used in basal state is referred to as

Answer 10

BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR)

Question 11

INFLUENCES ON BMR

Answer 11

MUSCLE MASS

HORMONES - T3 AND T4

AGE

Question 12

_____ _____ FOR MOST PEOPLE IS QUITE SIMILAR, energy used for DAILY ACTIVITIES may ____ ____ from one individual to another

Answer 12

BASAL METABOLISM;

VARY MARKEDLY

Question 13

ENERGY OUTPUT needs to be balanced with

Answer 13

ENERGY INTAKE

Question 14

CLASSES OF NUTRIENTS TAHT CONTAIN KILOCALORIES

Answer 14

CARBS
PROTEINS
LIPIDS/FATS

Question 15

energy per gram in each type of nutrient

Answer 15

CARBS = 4 KCALS/GRAM

PROTIEN = 4 KCALS/GRAM

LIPIDS = 9 KCALS/GRAM

Question 16

ENERGY IN ALCOHOL

Answer 16

7 KCALS/GRAM

***NOT CONSIDERED A NUTRIENT

Question 17

imbalance of energy intake and output may be evidenced by:

Answer 17

CHANGE IN BODY WIEGHT

Question 18

losing body fat will most likely be achieved by:

lies but need to know for class

Answer 18

DECREASING CALORIC INTAKE

INCREASING CALORIC OUTPUT

Question 19

A measure of body composition - fat and air float, lean tissue sinks. By comparing air weight to underwater weight, a very accurate measure of body composition may be made

Answer 19

HYDROSTATIC WEIGHINT

Question 20

carbohydrate digestion

Answer 20

MECHANICAL DIGESTION
- mouth and stomach

CHEMICAL DIGESTION
- mouth: salivary amylase
- Small intestine - enzymes from pancreas and brush boarder

Question 21

all carbohydrates are absorbed as _______ in the small intestine

Answer 21

MONOSACCHARIDES

Question 22

monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, galactose) arrancó absorbed into the ____, then carried by the ___ ___ ___ to the liver

Answer 22

BLOOD;

HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN

Question 23

protein digestion

Answer 23

MECHANICAL DIGESTION
- mouth and stomach

CHEMICAL DIGESTION
- Stomach: pepsin
- Small intestine: enzymes from pancreas and brush boarder of small intestine

Question 24

most proteins are absorbed as ____ ____ in the duodenum and jejunum of the small intestine

Answer 24

AMINO ACIDS

Question 25

amino acids are absorbed into the ____ and carried by the ____ ____ ___ to the liver. from their they enter general circulation

Answer 25

BLOOD;

HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN

Question 26

lipid digestion

Answer 26

MECHANICAL DIGESTION
- mouth and stomach

CHEMICAL DIGESTION
- mouth: salivary lipase
- stomach: gastric lipase
- Small intestine: enzymes from pancreas after emulsification by bile from the liver and gallbladder

Question 27

triglycerides are broken into ____ and ____ ___ ___, which are absorbable

Answer 27

GLYCERAL

FREE FATTY ACIDS

Question 28

certain fatty acids (small short-chain) are more water soluble and are absorbed into the _____ capillaries of small intestinal villi and carried by the ____ ____ ___ to the liver

Answer 28

BLOOD;

HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN

Question 29

chylomicrons are too large to enter blood capillaries, and instead enter _____ capillaries in the small intestinal villi. they are then carried by the ____ ____ to the left subclavian vein and finally the blood

Answer 29

LYMPH;

THORACIC DUCT