Reproductive system 2 Flashcards by Emilie Juliar

female reproductive system consists of

gonads
ducts
accessory glands
supporting structures

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ovaries serve two principle functions

produce gametes

produce hormones - estrogens, progesterone, inhibin, relaxin

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when does oogenesis begin and end

PRIOR TO BRITH, RESTING, RESTART @ PUBERTY

ENDS @ MENOPAUSE

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the ovarian cortex consists of ovarian ____, which house oocytes in various stages of development

FOLLICLES

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OOGENESIS involves similar cell divisions to spermatogenesis , to ____ ____ ____ ____ of a mature ovum (gamete)

HALVE THE GENETIC MATERIAL

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DAYS 1-14 of the ovarian cycles is the ____ ____

FOLLICULAR PHASE

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FOLLICULAR PHASE

where the “housing” (follicle) of several primordial follicles develop, though usually only one matures to ovulation

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day 14 of the ovarian cycle

OVULATION

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days 14-18 in the ovarian cycle is the ___ ____

LUTEAL PHASE

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LUTEAL PHASE

Where remnants of a mature follicle (corpus luteum) release hormones (progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, inhibin)

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FSH is released from

the anterior pituitary

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LH is released from the

anterior pituitary

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ovaries produce what hormones

estrogens
progesterone
relaxin

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role of estrogens

promote dev. and maintenance of female reproductive structures, feminine secondary sex characteristics, and breasts

increase protein anabolism

lower blood cholesterol

inhibits release of GnRH, FSH, and LH

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roles of progesterone

works with estrogens to prepare endometrium for implantation

prepares mammary glands to secrete milk

inhibits release of GnRH and LH

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ducts of the female reproductive system

two uterine tubes

uterus

vagina

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UTERINE TUBES

about 4inches long and lead from ovaries to uterus

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3 major portions of the uterine tube

INFUNDIBULUM - lateral

AMPULLA - middle

FIMBRIAE - sweep ovum into infundibulum

the uterine tubes serve as a pathway for sperm cells and ova, with ______ typically occurring in the ampulla

FERTILIZATION

The mucosa lines the lumen of the uterine tube and consists of ciliated epithelium.

these CILIA “wave” to

move a fertilized ovum towards the uterus, along with peristaltic contractions of the muscularis

it takes about _______ days for a fertilized ovum to reach the uterus

6-7 days

THE UTERUS

a pear-shaped organ

about 3 in. long and 2 in. wide

about 1 in. thick in someone who’s never been pregnant

location of the uterus

SUPERIOR TO THE URINARY BLADDER

ANTERIOR TO THE RECTUM

regions of the uterus

upper FUNDUS
middle BODY
lower CERVIX

uterus walls have 3 layers, know these 2:

MYOMETRIUM: three layers of smooth muscle ENDOMETRIUM: inner epithelial layer, very vascular

the menstrual cycle reflects _____ ____ ____ ______ to prepare for implantation

CHANGES IN THE ENDOMETRIUM

phases of the menstrual cycle

MENSTRUAL PROLIFERATIVE SECRETORY

MENSTRUAL PHASE

last about 4-5 days begins day 1

PROLIFERATIVE PHASE (days 6-14)

the endometrium is repairing and growing into lush lining

SECRETORY PHASE (days 15-28)

glands secrete glycogen, and the endometrium thickens

location of the vagina

POSTERIOR TO THE URETHRA ANTERIOR TO THE RECTUM

HYMEN

a thin fold of mucous membrane that partially closes the inferior end o the vaginal opening

female external genitals and related structures include:

MONS PUBIS LABIA MAJORA LABIA MINORA CLITORIS VESTIBULE two openings in the vestibule are: VAGINAL ORIFICE URETHRAL ORIFICE

MONS PUBIS

pad of adipose tissue over pubic syphysis

VESTIBULE

the region between the labia minora

the greater VESTIBULAR GLANDS

on either side of the vaginal orifice, produce mucus

PARAURETHRAL GLANDS

on either side of the urethral opening, produce mucus

BULB OF VESTIBULE

two elongated masses of erectile tissue on either side of the vaginal orifice

PERINEUM

diamond-shaped area medial to thighs and buttocks in both males and females consisting of urogenital and anal triangle

NIPPLE

contains series of lactiferous ducts for milk

AREOLA

the pigmented area around the nipple, contains modified sebaceous glands

mammary glands are

MODIFIED SUDERIFEROUS GLANDS

ALVEOLI

milk-secreting glands