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A&P II > Reproductive system 2 > Flashcards

Reproductive system 2 Flashcards

1
Q

female reproductive system consists of

A

gonads
ducts
accessory glands
supporting structures

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2
Q

ovaries serve two principle functions

A

produce gametes

produce hormones - estrogens, progesterone, inhibin, relaxin

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3
Q

when does oogenesis begin and end

A

PRIOR TO BRITH, RESTING, RESTART @ PUBERTY

ENDS @ MENOPAUSE

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4
Q

the ovarian cortex consists of ovarian ____, which house oocytes in various stages of development

A

FOLLICLES

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5
Q

OOGENESIS involves similar cell divisions to spermatogenesis , to ____ ____ ____ ____ of a mature ovum (gamete)

A

HALVE THE GENETIC MATERIAL

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6
Q

DAYS 1-14 of the ovarian cycles is the ____ ____

A

FOLLICULAR PHASE

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7
Q

FOLLICULAR PHASE

A

where the “housing” (follicle) of several primordial follicles develop, though usually only one matures to ovulation

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8
Q

day 14 of the ovarian cycle

A

OVULATION

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9
Q

days 14-18 in the ovarian cycle is the ___ ____

A

LUTEAL PHASE

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10
Q

LUTEAL PHASE

A

Where remnants of a mature follicle (corpus luteum) release hormones (progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, inhibin)

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11
Q

FSH is released from

A

the anterior pituitary

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12
Q

LH is released from the

A

anterior pituitary

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13
Q

ovaries produce what hormones

A

estrogens
progesterone
relaxin

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14
Q

role of estrogens

A

promote dev. and maintenance of female reproductive structures, feminine secondary sex characteristics, and breasts

increase protein anabolism

lower blood cholesterol

inhibits release of GnRH, FSH, and LH

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15
Q

roles of progesterone

A

works with estrogens to prepare endometrium for implantation

prepares mammary glands to secrete milk

inhibits release of GnRH and LH

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16
Q

ducts of the female reproductive system

A

two uterine tubes

uterus

vagina

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17
Q

UTERINE TUBES

A

about 4inches long and lead from ovaries to uterus

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18
Q

3 major portions of the uterine tube

A

INFUNDIBULUM - lateral

AMPULLA - middle

FIMBRIAE - sweep ovum into infundibulum

19
Q

the uterine tubes serve as a pathway for sperm cells and ova, with ______ typically occurring in the ampulla

A

FERTILIZATION

20
Q

The mucosa lines the lumen of the uterine tube and consists of ciliated epithelium.

these CILIA “wave” to

A

move a fertilized ovum towards the uterus, along with peristaltic contractions of the muscularis

21
Q

it takes about _______ days for a fertilized ovum to reach the uterus

A

6-7 days

22
Q

THE UTERUS

A

a pear-shaped organ

about 3 in. long and 2 in. wide

about 1 in. thick in someone who’s never been pregnant

23
Q

location of the uterus

A

SUPERIOR TO THE URINARY BLADDER

ANTERIOR TO THE RECTUM

24
Q

regions of the uterus

A

upper FUNDUS
middle BODY
lower CERVIX

25
Q

uterus walls have 3 layers, know these 2:

A

MYOMETRIUM: three layers of smooth muscle

ENDOMETRIUM: inner epithelial layer, very vascular

26
Q

the menstrual cycle reflects _____ ____ ____ ______ to prepare for implantation

A

CHANGES IN THE ENDOMETRIUM

27
Q

phases of the menstrual cycle

A

MENSTRUAL
PROLIFERATIVE
SECRETORY

28
Q

MENSTRUAL PHASE

A

last about 4-5 days

begins day 1

29
Q

PROLIFERATIVE PHASE (days 6-14)

A

the endometrium is repairing and growing into lush lining

30
Q

SECRETORY PHASE (days 15-28)

A

glands secrete glycogen, and the endometrium thickens

31
Q

location of the vagina

A

POSTERIOR TO THE URETHRA

ANTERIOR TO THE RECTUM

32
Q

HYMEN

A

a thin fold of mucous membrane that partially closes the inferior end o the vaginal opening

33
Q

female external genitals and related structures include:

A

MONS PUBIS
LABIA MAJORA
LABIA MINORA
CLITORIS
VESTIBULE

two openings in the vestibule are:
VAGINAL ORIFICE
URETHRAL ORIFICE

34
Q

MONS PUBIS

A

pad of adipose tissue over pubic syphysis

35
Q

VESTIBULE

A

the region between the labia minora

36
Q

the greater VESTIBULAR GLANDS

A

on either side of the vaginal orifice, produce mucus

37
Q

PARAURETHRAL GLANDS

A

on either side of the urethral opening, produce mucus

38
Q

BULB OF VESTIBULE

A

two elongated masses of erectile tissue on either side of the vaginal orifice

39
Q

PERINEUM

A

diamond-shaped area medial to thighs and buttocks in both males and females consisting of urogenital and anal triangle

40
Q

NIPPLE

A

contains series of lactiferous ducts for milk

41
Q

AREOLA

A

the pigmented area around the nipple, contains modified sebaceous glands

42
Q

mammary glands are

A

MODIFIED SUDERIFEROUS GLANDS

43
Q

ALVEOLI

A

milk-secreting glands

A&P II (18 decks)

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