Reproductive system 2 Flashcards
female reproductive system consists of
gonads
ducts
accessory glands
supporting structures
ovaries serve two principle functions
produce gametes
produce hormones - estrogens, progesterone, inhibin, relaxin
when does oogenesis begin and end
PRIOR TO BRITH, RESTING, RESTART @ PUBERTY
ENDS @ MENOPAUSE
the ovarian cortex consists of ovarian ____, which house oocytes in various stages of development
FOLLICLES
OOGENESIS involves similar cell divisions to spermatogenesis , to ____ ____ ____ ____ of a mature ovum (gamete)
HALVE THE GENETIC MATERIAL
DAYS 1-14 of the ovarian cycles is the ____ ____
FOLLICULAR PHASE
FOLLICULAR PHASE
where the “housing” (follicle) of several primordial follicles develop, though usually only one matures to ovulation
day 14 of the ovarian cycle
OVULATION
days 14-18 in the ovarian cycle is the ___ ____
LUTEAL PHASE
LUTEAL PHASE
Where remnants of a mature follicle (corpus luteum) release hormones (progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, inhibin)
FSH is released from
the anterior pituitary
LH is released from the
anterior pituitary
ovaries produce what hormones
estrogens
progesterone
relaxin
role of estrogens
promote dev. and maintenance of female reproductive structures, feminine secondary sex characteristics, and breasts
increase protein anabolism
lower blood cholesterol
inhibits release of GnRH, FSH, and LH
roles of progesterone
works with estrogens to prepare endometrium for implantation
prepares mammary glands to secrete milk
inhibits release of GnRH and LH
ducts of the female reproductive system
two uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
UTERINE TUBES
about 4inches long and lead from ovaries to uterus
3 major portions of the uterine tube
INFUNDIBULUM - lateral
AMPULLA - middle
FIMBRIAE - sweep ovum into infundibulum
the uterine tubes serve as a pathway for sperm cells and ova, with ______ typically occurring in the ampulla
FERTILIZATION
The mucosa lines the lumen of the uterine tube and consists of ciliated epithelium.
these CILIA “wave” to
move a fertilized ovum towards the uterus, along with peristaltic contractions of the muscularis
it takes about _______ days for a fertilized ovum to reach the uterus
6-7 days
THE UTERUS
a pear-shaped organ
about 3 in. long and 2 in. wide
about 1 in. thick in someone who’s never been pregnant
location of the uterus
SUPERIOR TO THE URINARY BLADDER
ANTERIOR TO THE RECTUM
regions of the uterus
upper FUNDUS
middle BODY
lower CERVIX
uterus walls have 3 layers, know these 2:
MYOMETRIUM: three layers of smooth muscle
ENDOMETRIUM: inner epithelial layer, very vascular
the menstrual cycle reflects _____ ____ ____ ______ to prepare for implantation
CHANGES IN THE ENDOMETRIUM
phases of the menstrual cycle
MENSTRUAL
PROLIFERATIVE
SECRETORY
MENSTRUAL PHASE
last about 4-5 days
begins day 1
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE (days 6-14)
the endometrium is repairing and growing into lush lining
SECRETORY PHASE (days 15-28)
glands secrete glycogen, and the endometrium thickens
location of the vagina
POSTERIOR TO THE URETHRA
ANTERIOR TO THE RECTUM
HYMEN
a thin fold of mucous membrane that partially closes the inferior end o the vaginal opening
female external genitals and related structures include:
MONS PUBIS
LABIA MAJORA
LABIA MINORA
CLITORIS
VESTIBULE
two openings in the vestibule are:
VAGINAL ORIFICE
URETHRAL ORIFICE
MONS PUBIS
pad of adipose tissue over pubic syphysis
VESTIBULE
the region between the labia minora
the greater VESTIBULAR GLANDS
on either side of the vaginal orifice, produce mucus
PARAURETHRAL GLANDS
on either side of the urethral opening, produce mucus
BULB OF VESTIBULE
two elongated masses of erectile tissue on either side of the vaginal orifice
PERINEUM
diamond-shaped area medial to thighs and buttocks in both males and females consisting of urogenital and anal triangle
NIPPLE
contains series of lactiferous ducts for milk
AREOLA
the pigmented area around the nipple, contains modified sebaceous glands
mammary glands are
MODIFIED SUDERIFEROUS GLANDS
ALVEOLI
milk-secreting glands
