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A&P II > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The principle organ of the integumentary system is the

A

skin

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2
Q

In addition to skin, what other structures would make up the integumentary system?

A

subcutaneous layer
hair
nails
a few types of glands
several NS receptors associated with the skin

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3
Q

Principle function of the integumentary system

A

PROTECTION - from trauma, infection

CONTAINMENT - keep other structures within our “shell”

TEMP. CONTROL - perspiration cools the body

CALCITRIOL SYNTHESIS - with sufficient sunlight

RECEIVE STIMULI - numerous receptors are associated with the skin

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4
Q

skin is the largest

A

organ in both surface and weight

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5
Q

two main parts to the skin

A

outer epidermis

deeper dermis

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6
Q

Epidermis

A

composted primarily of cells

made of epithelium

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7
Q

4 types of epidermal cells

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

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8
Q

keratinocytes

A

secrete keratin - a tough fibrous protein that protects and makes the skin waterproof

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9
Q

melanocytes

A

produce pigment melanin

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10
Q

langerhans cells

A

participate in immune responses against invading microbes and also susceptible to damage by UV rays

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11
Q

merkel cells

A

receive tactile stimuli

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12
Q

Kertinocytes of the epidermis are arranged in

A

several layers/strata

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13
Q

4 strata of thin skin

A

SUPERFICIAL TO DEEP:

corneum
granulosum
spinosum
basale

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14
Q

5 strata of thick skin

A

SUPERFICIAL TO DEEP:

corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
basale

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15
Q

strata from deepest to most supercial

A

basale
spinosum
granulosum
lucid (in thick skin only)
corneum

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16
Q

Stratum Basale

A

the deepest strata

undergoing constant cell division

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17
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

8-10 layers of keratinocytes superficial to the basale

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18
Q

Stratum granulosusum

A

3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes slowly undergoing apoptosis (pre-programmed cell death)

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19
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

only found in thick skin

consists of 4-6 layers of flattened, dead keratinocytes with large amounts of keratin

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20
Q

Stratum corneum

A

most superficial layer

consists of flattened, dead keratinocytes that are constantly shed and replaced by cells from deeper strata

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21
Q

The dermis

A

deeper portion of skin

consists of connective tissue with relatively few cells

many skin-associated structures (such as blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles) are embedded in the dermis

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22
Q

2 principal regions of the dermis

A

superficial papillary region

deeper reticular region

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23
Q

Papillary region of the dermis

A

Makes up about the upper 20% o the dermis

consists of bumps known as papillae

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24
Q

Some papillae contain ____ _____ and some contain _____

A

BLOOD CAPILLARIES;

RECEPTORS (meissners corpuscles, free nerve endings…)

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25
The reticular region o the dermis
consists of dense irregular c.t. anchored to the subcutaneous layer
26
Deep to the dermis is the. ____ _____ -- also known as _____ _____
SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER; SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
27
functions of the subcutaneous layer
ATTACH DERMIS/SKIN TO UNDERLYING STRUCTURES SERVES AS PATHWAY FRO BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES that extend into the skin STORE FAT
28
SEVERAL DIFFERENT FACTORS influence skin color, but usually the most important factor is
MELANIN
29
two forms of melanin
PHEOMELANIN - yellow-to-red pigment EUMELANIN - brown-to-black pigment
30
CAROTENE
a yellow-orange pigment that is a precursor from plants that may be used to make Vitamin A
31
the oxygen-carrying pigment in _______ in RBC's can influence skin color in those with small amounts of melanin
HEMOGLOBIN
32
_____, also known as PILI, are found on most skin except for the....
HAIR; PALMS, ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FINGERS, SOLES AND PLANTAR SURFACES OF THE FEET
33
components of hair include:
SHAFT - portion above the skin surface ROOT - deep to the shaft, penetrates the dermis or subcutaneous layer FOLLICLE - surrounds the root and consists of an external and internal root sheath BULB - an onion-shaped structure around the base of the follicle
34
Types of hair
LANUGO HAIR TERMINAL HAIRS VELLUS HAIRS
35
LANUGO HAIR
downy hair on infants that is eventually shed and replaced by terminal or villus hair
36
TERMINAL HAIRS
long, coarse, heavily pigmented hairs that replace lanugo hairs o the eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp before birth
37
VELLUS HAIRS
short, fine hairs that replace lanugo hairs over most of the rest of the body
38
HAIR COLOR is in great part due to the
AMOUNT AND TYPE OF MELANIN dark hair = eumelanin blond and red = variations of pheomelanin gray hair = contains little melanin white hair = lack melanin
39
Hair root plexi
free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles and receive tactile stimuli when hair shafts are moved
40
ARRECTOR PILI MUCELS
extent fromt eh superficial dermis to the dermal root sheath at the side of the hair follicle when contracted, hair shafts are pulled perpendicular to skin
41
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
exocrine glands that are ALMOST ALWAYS CONNECTED TO HAIR FOLLICLES (though some such as lips, genitals, and eyelids open directly to the skin)
42
sebaceous glands secrete
SEBUM - an oily substance that prevents skin and hair from drying out
43
SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS
produce SWEAT coiled bases in the dermis with ducts that lead to the surface of the skin
44
two types of sudoriferous glands
eccrine apocrine
45
Eccrine Sudoriferous glands
more common found throughout the skin main role is thermoregulation
46
apocrine sudoriferous glands
mainly in the skin of the axilla, groin, areaolaw, and the bearded region in males can produce a musky odor
47
thermoregulatory sweating is primarily from
eccrine glands
48
emotional sweating is from
both eccrine and apocrine glands
49
sweating associated with sexual activity involves
apocrine glands
50
what are ceruminous glands
modified sudoriferous glands found in the EXTERNAL EAR CANAL produce waxy lubricant knowns as CERUMEN
51
The NAIL BODY
the visible portion of the nail and is like the stratum corneum of the epidermis though the keratin is harder and not shed
52
LUNULA
the white portion of the nail body that has a thicker layer of epithelium deep to it that masks the blood vessels deep to it
53
FREE EDGE of nail
the portion that extends beyond the digit and appears white because there are no blood vessels under it
54
NAIL ROOT
the portion of the nail buried in a fold of skin
55
CUTANEOUS RECEPTORS
FREE NERVE ENDINGS MERKEL DISCS MEISSNERS CORPUSCLES RUFFINI CORPUSCLES HAIR ROOT PLEXI PACINIAN
56
FREE NERVE ENDINGS
dendrites without any connective tissue capsules around them, and receive stimuli related to the sensations of temperature and pain
57
MERKEL DISCS
associated with Merkel cells in the stratum basale and have roles in receiving stimuli related to sensation of fine touch
58
MEISSNERS CORPUSCLES
are in the upper dermis and receive stimuli related to the sensation of fine touch
59
RUFFINI CORPUSCLES
usually located in the mid-dermis and receive stimuli related to the sensation of crude touch
60
HAIR ROOT PLEXI
free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles and are related to the sensation of fine touch
61
PACINIAN
located deep in the dermis or subcutaneous layer as well as other tissues of the body and have a role in sensing deep pressure

A&P II (18 decks)

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