Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P II > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The principle organ of the integumentary system is the

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In addition to skin, what other structures would make up the integumentary system?

A

subcutaneous layer
hair
nails
a few types of glands
several NS receptors associated with the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Principle function of the integumentary system

A

PROTECTION - from trauma, infection

CONTAINMENT - keep other structures within our “shell”

TEMP. CONTROL - perspiration cools the body

CALCITRIOL SYNTHESIS - with sufficient sunlight

RECEIVE STIMULI - numerous receptors are associated with the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

skin is the largest

A

organ in both surface and weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

two main parts to the skin

A

outer epidermis

deeper dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epidermis

A

composted primarily of cells

made of epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 types of epidermal cells

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

keratinocytes

A

secrete keratin - a tough fibrous protein that protects and makes the skin waterproof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

melanocytes

A

produce pigment melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

langerhans cells

A

participate in immune responses against invading microbes and also susceptible to damage by UV rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

merkel cells

A

receive tactile stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Kertinocytes of the epidermis are arranged in

A

several layers/strata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 strata of thin skin

A

SUPERFICIAL TO DEEP:

corneum
granulosum
spinosum
basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 strata of thick skin

A

SUPERFICIAL TO DEEP:

corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

strata from deepest to most supercial

A

basale
spinosum
granulosum
lucid (in thick skin only)
corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stratum Basale

A

the deepest strata

undergoing constant cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

8-10 layers of keratinocytes superficial to the basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stratum granulosusum

A

3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes slowly undergoing apoptosis (pre-programmed cell death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

only found in thick skin

consists of 4-6 layers of flattened, dead keratinocytes with large amounts of keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stratum corneum

A

most superficial layer

consists of flattened, dead keratinocytes that are constantly shed and replaced by cells from deeper strata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The dermis

A

deeper portion of skin

consists of connective tissue with relatively few cells

many skin-associated structures (such as blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles) are embedded in the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 principal regions of the dermis

A

superficial papillary region

deeper reticular region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Papillary region of the dermis

A

Makes up about the upper 20% o the dermis

consists of bumps known as papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Some papillae contain ____ _____ and some contain _____

A

BLOOD CAPILLARIES;

RECEPTORS (meissners corpuscles, free nerve endings…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The reticular region o the dermis

A

consists of dense irregular c.t.

anchored to the subcutaneous layer

26
Q

Deep to the dermis is the. ____ _____ – also known as _____ _____

A

SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER;

SUPERFICIAL FASCIA

27
Q

functions of the subcutaneous layer

A

ATTACH DERMIS/SKIN TO UNDERLYING STRUCTURES

SERVES AS PATHWAY FRO BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES that extend into the skin

STORE FAT

28
Q

SEVERAL DIFFERENT FACTORS influence skin color, but usually the most important factor is

A

MELANIN

29
Q

two forms of melanin

A

PHEOMELANIN - yellow-to-red pigment

EUMELANIN - brown-to-black pigment

30
Q

CAROTENE

A

a yellow-orange pigment that is a precursor from plants that may be used to make Vitamin A

31
Q

the oxygen-carrying pigment in _______ in RBC’s can influence skin color in those with small amounts of melanin

A

HEMOGLOBIN

32
Q

_____, also known as PILI, are found on most skin except for the….

A

HAIR;

PALMS, ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FINGERS, SOLES AND PLANTAR SURFACES OF THE FEET

33
Q

components of hair include:

A

SHAFT - portion above the skin surface
ROOT - deep to the shaft, penetrates the dermis or subcutaneous layer
FOLLICLE - surrounds the root and consists of an external and internal root sheath
BULB - an onion-shaped structure around the base of the follicle

34
Q

Types of hair

A

LANUGO HAIR

TERMINAL HAIRS

VELLUS HAIRS

35
Q

LANUGO HAIR

A

downy hair on infants that is eventually shed and replaced by terminal or villus hair

36
Q

TERMINAL HAIRS

A

long, coarse, heavily pigmented hairs that replace lanugo hairs o the eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp before birth

37
Q

VELLUS HAIRS

A

short, fine hairs that replace lanugo hairs over most of the rest of the body

38
Q

HAIR COLOR is in great part due to the

A

AMOUNT AND TYPE OF MELANIN

dark hair = eumelanin

blond and red = variations of pheomelanin

gray hair = contains little melanin

white hair = lack melanin

39
Q

Hair root plexi

A

free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles and receive tactile stimuli when hair shafts are moved

40
Q

ARRECTOR PILI MUCELS

A

extent fromt eh superficial dermis to the dermal root sheath at the side of the hair follicle

when contracted, hair shafts are pulled perpendicular to skin

41
Q

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

A

exocrine glands that are ALMOST ALWAYS CONNECTED TO HAIR FOLLICLES (though some such as lips, genitals, and eyelids open directly to the skin)

42
Q

sebaceous glands secrete

A

SEBUM - an oily substance that prevents skin and hair from drying out

43
Q

SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS

A

produce SWEAT

coiled bases in the dermis with ducts that lead to the surface of the skin

44
Q

two types of sudoriferous glands

A

eccrine

apocrine

45
Q

Eccrine Sudoriferous glands

A

more common

found throughout the skin

main role is thermoregulation

46
Q

apocrine sudoriferous glands

A

mainly in the skin of the axilla, groin, areaolaw, and the bearded region in males

can produce a musky odor

47
Q

thermoregulatory sweating is primarily from

A

eccrine glands

48
Q

emotional sweating is from

A

both eccrine and apocrine glands

49
Q

sweating associated with sexual activity involves

A

apocrine glands

50
Q

what are ceruminous glands

A

modified sudoriferous glands found in the EXTERNAL EAR CANAL

produce waxy lubricant knowns as CERUMEN

51
Q

The NAIL BODY

A

the visible portion of the nail and is like the stratum corneum of the epidermis though the keratin is harder and not shed

52
Q

LUNULA

A

the white portion of the nail body that has a thicker layer of epithelium deep to it that masks the blood vessels deep to it

53
Q

FREE EDGE of nail

A

the portion that extends beyond the digit and appears white because there are no blood vessels under it

54
Q

NAIL ROOT

A

the portion of the nail buried in a fold of skin

55
Q

CUTANEOUS RECEPTORS

A

FREE NERVE ENDINGS
MERKEL DISCS
MEISSNERS CORPUSCLES
RUFFINI CORPUSCLES
HAIR ROOT PLEXI
PACINIAN

56
Q

FREE NERVE ENDINGS

A

dendrites without any connective tissue capsules around them, and receive stimuli related to the sensations of temperature and pain

57
Q

MERKEL DISCS

A

associated with Merkel cells in the stratum basale and have roles in receiving stimuli related to sensation of fine touch

58
Q

MEISSNERS CORPUSCLES

A

are in the upper dermis and receive stimuli related to the sensation of fine touch

59
Q

RUFFINI CORPUSCLES

A

usually located in the mid-dermis and receive stimuli related to the sensation of crude touch

60
Q

HAIR ROOT PLEXI

A

free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles and are related to the sensation of fine touch

61
Q

PACINIAN

A

located deep in the dermis or subcutaneous layer as well as other tissues of the body and have a role in sensing deep pressure

A&P II (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions