Vascular System Flashcards
Name the two types of circulation
Pulmonary - De-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heartSystemic - oxygenated blood to the body from the heart and then the return of de-oxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
What is the vascular system made up of?
Blood vessels and blood.
Name the 5 different blood vessels that make up the vascular system
Heart Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins Heart
Define Blood Pressure
The force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel wall
Define Systolic Pressure
The pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting.
Define Diastolic Pressure
The pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxing.
What is a typical blood pressure reading at rest
120mmHg 80mmHg
Name the 3 venous return mechanisms and explain each.
The skeletal Pump - When muscle contract and relax they change shape. This shape means that the muscles press on the nearby veins and cause a pumping effect and squeeze the blood towards the heart.The respiratory Pump - When Muscles contract and relax during breathing in and out, pressure changes occur in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. These changes in pressure compress the nearby veins and assist blood return to the hearrtPocket Valves - It in the veins is important that bloods in the veins only flows in one direction. The presence of valves ensures that this happens. This is because once the blood has passed through the valves, they close to prevent the blood flowing backwards.
Other than the 3 main mechanisms, what else aids venous return.
A very thin layer of muscle in the walls of the veinGravity helps the blood return to the heart from the upper bodyThe suction pump action of the heart.
What effect does increasing arterial pressure have on venous return
Venous return decreases
When Haemoglobin combines with oxygen in the capillaries supplying the skeletal blood, what percentage dissolves into the plasma and what % combines with Haemoglobin
3% - Plasma97% - Haemoglobin
How many oxygens will haemoglobin carry when it is fully staurated and where does this oocur?
4 oxygens in the alveolar capillaries
Why does Oxygen dissociate from the haemoglobin when it reaches the muscle tissue?
The oxygen dissociates when there is a lower concentration of oxygen in the muscles cells than in the blood
What is the role of Myoglobin?
To store oxygen in the muscles cells
What happens in the mitochondria?
Respiration and energy production
