Energy Systems - Anaerobic systems

Question 1

What is Phosphocreatine?

Answer 1

An energy rich Phosphate compound found in the sarcoplasm of the muscles.

Question 2

Name 4 different sporting examples when the ATP-PC system would be the predominant method of re-synthesising ATP?

Answer 2

HIgh intensity activity lasting less tahn 10secs
100m
Long Jump
running out for a centre pass
running out to defend a short corner strike in hockey

Question 3

Names 3 different sporting examples when the anerobic glycolytic system would be the predominant method of re-synthesising ATP?

Answer 3

HIgh Intensitylasting longer than 10seconds
400m
A gymnastic floor routine
100m Freestyle race.

Question 4

What is the ATP-PC system used for?

Answer 4

Phosphocreatine (PC) is broken down to release energy to resynthesise ATP.

Question 5

Explain how the ATP-PC system works?

Answer 5

ATP-PC system is an anaerobic process and re-sysnthesises ATP when the enzyme creatine kinase detects high levels of ADP.
It breaks down Phosphocreatine to Phosphate and Crreatine , releasing energy.
This energy is then used to convert ADP to ATP in a coupled reaction.

Question 6

For every mole of PC broken down how many moles of ATP are resynthesised?

Answer 6

1

Question 7

How long do the PC stores last for during high intensity exercise?

Answer 7

5-8secs

Question 8

How long does it take for the PC stores to replenish

Answer 8

30secs - 50%

2-3minutes 100% - during low intensity activity with Oxygen present.

Question 9

How is energy produced for activites that last for 3secs of less?

Answer 9

Break down of ATP

Question 10

What are the advantages of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 10

ATP can be re-synthesised rapidly using the ATP-PC system
Phosphocreatine stores can be re-synthesised quickly. 30secs-50%, 2-3mins 100%
Theres are no fatiguing by products
It is possible to extend the time the ATP-PC system can be utilised through the use of creatine Phosphate.

Question 11

What are the disadvantages of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 11

There is only a limited supply of Phosphocreatine in muscle cells ie can only lasy for 10secs.
Only 1 mole of ATP can be re-synthesised for every mole of PC
PC re-synthesis can only take place in the presence of oxygen(ie when the intensity of exercise is reduced)

Question 12

How long can the Anaerobic glycolytic system last for at very high Intensity activitiy and how long at slightly lower intensity

Answer 12

at very high intensity at 45secs

high intensity 2-3mins

Question 13

What energy source is used for the Anaerobic glycolytic system?

Answer 13

Carbohydrates stored as Glycogen in the Muscle and liver.

Question 14

How does the Anaerobic glycolytic system work to provide energy?

Answer 14

Anaerobic Glycolysis occurs in the sarcoplasm of the cell:
When PC stores are low,the enzyme glycogen Phosphorylase is actived to break glycogen down to glucose
Glucose is further broken down to Pyruvic acid by the enzyme phosphofructokinase.
The Pyruvic acid is then broken down into lactic acid by the enzyme dehydrogenase.(LDH).
This process releases energy to re-synthesise ATP

Question 15

For every molecule of glucose broken down in the Anaerobic glycolytic system , how many molecules of ATP are resynthesised?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

What are the advantages of the Anaerobic glycolytic system?

Answer 16

ATP can be re-synthesised quite quickly due to a very few chemical reactions and lasts for longer than the ATP-PC system.
In the presence of oxygen lactic acid can be converted back into liver glycogen or used as a fuel through oxidation of CO2 and H2O
It can be used for a sprint finish (ie to produce an extra burst of energy)

Question 17

What are the dis-advantages of the Anaerobic glycolytic system?

Answer 17

Lactic acid as the by product.

Only a small amount of energy can be released from glycogen under anaerobic conditions.

Question 18

Define Energy Continuum

Answer 18

A term which describes the type of respiration used by physical activities. Whether it is aerobic or anaerobic depends on the intensity and duration of exercise.

Question 19

Explain the energy continuum

Answer 19

The intensity and duration of the activity are the factors that decide which will be the predominant energy provider.
All three systems work in conjunction of each other.
The ATP-PC /anaerobic glycolytic threshold is the point at which the ATP-PC system is exhausted and the anaerobic glycolytic system takes over. (8-10sec).
The anaerobic glycolytic/aerobic threshold at 3 minutes is the point at which the anaerobic glycolytic system is exhausted and the aerobic system takes over