Middle Class Emergence & Public Provision Flashcards
How did the middle class emerge?
Urbanisation & Industrialisation
In what ways did the middle class support the development of sport?
Codification - rules and administration led to NGBs
Competitions - leagues developed
Public provision - public facilities developed (parks & public baths)
Increased leisure time - Saturday half-day to watch or spectate
Move to ‘professionalism’ - commercialised sport
What background / careers did the middle class partake in?
Public school boys / University old boys
Leadership roles within NGBs
Philanthropists
Factor owners
Clergy
Government / Politician - passing of relevant Acts
Agents / Promoters
Define codification?
The gradual organisation and defining of the rules (e.g. for the actual playing of a sport, as well as the conduct and behaviour of participants)
Define a philanthropist?
Kind, generous, middle-class individuals who had a social conscience and were keen to try to provide a better life among the working class
What facilitated the rise of the middle class & the development of a three-tier society?
Populous emerging below aristocracy but above working classes
Made money during industrialisation as factory owners, politicians and doctors
Wanted society based on merit
Led the way in reforming education, local government, welfare of the poor
Name the main two areas of public provision that contributed to the development of sport?
Public baths
Parks
Why did local authorities in the 19th Century start to provide recreational and sporting activities for their local communities?
To increase health and fitness / personal hygiene of the working class
Via civic responsibility in times of social responsibility / philanthropy
To gain prestige for the local area
To increase social control / civilise society
To improve productivity of the workforce
