Industrial Revolution & Urbanisation Flashcards
What was the Industrial Revolution?
This period marked a change in Britain from a feudal, rural society into an industrialised, machine-based, capitalist society, controlled by a powerful urban middle class
Negative effects of industrialisation on sporting opportunities for the working classes from 1800 - 1850?
Migration of lower classes into urban areas - loss of space (overcrowding)
Lack of leisure time - long working hours
Lack of income - poverty / low wages
Poor health / hygiene
Loss of rights - criminal laws on mob games
Lack of public provision / facilities
Positive effects of industrialisation on the improvement of sporting opportunities for the working classes from 1850 - 1900?
Health & hygiene improved
Gradual increase in wages - more disposable income
More time for sport - Factory Acts (half-day Saturday)
Development of the new middle class
Values of athleticism
Transport
Communications
Public School boys / Church - set up teams / provide facilities
What was industrial patronage?
Factory teams were set up by factory owners as a way of decreasing absenteeism and encouraging loyalty in the workforce
Kind factory owners became ‘patrons of sport’ for the working class by providing support for them to participate in sport
Sporting facilities were provided
Identify four ways in which the leisure opportunities for the working classes improved as a result of industrialisation
Improved health / fitness led to more energy (improved general well-being
Improved income - increased wages, easier to access
More time to play sport - decreased working hours
Positive influence of the new middle class which led to more provision / increased adaptability of working class participation
Employer provision - industrial patronage
Improved transport - increased travel distances, regular nationwide fixtures
Communications improved
Increase of public provision / facilities
Define urbanisation?
The migration / movement of large numbers of people from rural areas into towns and cities (urban areas), seeking regular work in the factories
Key features of urbanisation that contributed to the development of sport
Lack of space - purpose-built facilities developed
Large working-class populations - needed entertaining, resulted in mass spectator numbers at football and rugby matches
Loss of traditional sports - mob games were banned in a civilised urban society
Change in working conditions - impact on hours / wage / time / health, improvements saw participation increase and attendance at sport events rise
What caused urbanisation?
Development of machinery, used in factories
Need for workforce
Housed close to factory
How did urbanisation negatively influence existing sporting activities?
Long hours working in factories – limited free time/low income/poor health/lack of energy for sporting activities
Traditional sports/mob games – banned for causing damage
Lack of space
How did urbanisation positively develop new sporting activities?
Mass spectating grew – people attracted to watch local football/rugby team
Development of purpose-built facilities, e.g. football grounds and athletics tracks
