Cardiac Function

Question 1

Name the 4 chambers of the Heart

Answer 1

Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle

Question 2

Which Chambers are larger? Explain why?

Answer 2

Ventricle because they have to pump the blood further

Question 3

Which side of the heart is larger? Explain Why?

Answer 3

left side because they have to pump the blood around the body as opposed to the right which only has to pump it to the lungs

Question 4

Name the main blood vessels that enter and leave the heart?

Answer 4

Vena Cava from the body into the right atriumPulmonery artery form right ventricle to lungsPulmonery Vein form lungs to left atriumAorta from left ventricle to body

Question 5

What are the names of the valves in the heart and where are they located?

Answer 5

Tricuspid valve between the right atrium and right ventricle. Bicuspid valve between left atrium and left ventricleSemi lunar valves in the pulmonery artery and aorta

Question 6

What are the main functions of the valves?

Answer 6

To prevent back flow

Question 7

Starting at the venae cava, name the correct order that a red blood cell would pass on it’s journey through the heart.

Answer 7

Right atrium, Tricuspid valve, right venticle, pulmonery artery, Lungs, Pulmonery vein, Left Atrium, Bicuspid valve, Left Ventricle, Aorta

Question 8

Name the correct order the impulse travels through the heart.

Answer 8

Sino-atrial node, Atrial Systole, Atrioventricular node, bundle of His, bundle branches, purkinje fibres, ventricular systole.

Question 9

Define Myogenic

Answer 9

The capacity of the heart to generate it’s own impulse.

Question 10

What is the Sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 10

A part of the autonomic system that speeds up the Heart rate.

Question 11

What is the parasympathetic nervous system ?

Answer 11

A part of the autonomic system that slows down the Heart rate.

Question 12

What two mechanisms change the rate of the conduction system?

Answer 12

Neural Control mechanismHormonal Control mechanism

Question 13

What is the nervous system made up of? and where is it coordinated?

Answer 13

CNS ( Brain and Spine) and the peripheral nervous sytem ( Nerve cells which transmit the information). coordinated by the cardiac control centre in the medulla oblongata.

Question 14

Name the 3 systems that stimulate the cardiac control centre. (3 parts of the neural control mechanisam)

Answer 14

Chemoreceptors, Baroreceptors, Proprioceptors.

Question 15

Expalin how Chemoreceptors as part of the neural control mechanisms change the rate of the conduction system.

Answer 15

Chemoreceptors - Increase CO2 levels detected by chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and the aortic arch, stimulate the sympathetic nervous system which sends a message to the CCC in the medulla oblongata this send a message via the cardiac accelerator nerve to the SAN to icrease the rate at which the heart beats. When exercise has finished the levels of co2 fall and a meaasge is send from the medulla oblongata via the Vagus nerve to decrease the heart rate.

Question 16

Expalin how Baroreceptors as part of the neural control mechanisms change the rate of the conduction system.

Answer 16

Baroeceptors detect the increase in blood pressure which decreases the heart rate. (At the start of exercise the set point increases which prevents the Heart rate from slowing down otherwise this would negatively affect performance.)

Question 17

Expalin how Proprioreceptors as part of the neural control mechanisms change the rate of the conduction system.

Answer 17

Proprioreceptors are sensory nerve endings located in muscles, tendons and joints that provide information about movement and body postiotn. an increase in muscle movement, increases the HR. When less movement occurs a signal is sent via the medulla oblongata the slow the HR.

Question 18

Expalin how the Hormonal control mechanism works.

Answer 18

Prior to exercise Adrenaline is released by the sympathetic nerve and the cardiac nerve. It stimulates the SAN which increses the HR and force of contraction thereby increasing cardiac output. This results in more bolld being pupmed to the working muscles.