Aggression

Question 1

What is the difference between Aggression and Assertion? Give sporting examples of both.

Answer 1

Aggression is the intent to harm outside the rules, hostile behaviour eg. Punching someone after a foul in Rugby, whereas assertion is well motivated behaviour within the rules not intended to hurt anyone. Eg a hard and fair tackle in rugby or 50/50 challenges.

Question 2

Name the 4 theories associated with Aggression?

Answer 2

Instinct Theroy
The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Aggressive Cue Hypothesis ( Berkowitz)
Social Learning Theory.

Question 3

What aspects of play can cause frustration in sport?

Answer 3

Losing
Being Fouled
Crowd
referees decision

Question 4

What can a referee do to control aggression during a game?

Answer 4

Be consistent and immediate in making decisions
Talk to players to calm them down
Punish foul play.

Question 5

What methods can a coach use to reduce Aggression?

Answer 5

Punish players with fines
reinforce non aggressive acts
Encourage peer group pressure
Substitute players
Talk to players to calm them down
Set non aggressive goals
Point out responsibilities to the team

Question 6

What methods can a Player use to reduce Aggression?

Answer 6

Walk away form the situation
Channel the agression
Use relaxation techniques
Apply peer group pressure
Set non aggressive goals

Question 7

What methods can a Official use to reduce Aggression?

Answer 7

Punish players by sending them off
Apply the rules consistently
Talk to players to calm them down
Give immediate sanctions

Question 8

Using the Instinct Theroy explain why aggression might occur during team games.

Answer 8

Evolutionary- innate and spontaneousSport is an Protect pitch - when play at home will defend home record even with aggression
Instinct- reaction to bad foul
Catharsis - cleaning the emotion with an aggressive outlet

Question 9

What is instinct theory?

Answer 9

What aggression is innate and spontaneous. It is an evolutionary theory which claims all performers are born with an aggressive instinct that will surface withenough provocation.

Question 10

What is the Frustration- Aggression Hypothesis?

Answer 10

suggests that inevitable aggression occurs when goals are blocked and the performer becomes frustrated.
similar to instict theory in that performer has innate agressive tendancies.

Question 11

Using the Frustration- Aggression Hypothesis explain why aggression might occur during team games.

Answer 11

Goals blocked
Build up frustration
catharsis

Question 12

Using the Aggessive cue hypothesis explain why aggression might occur during team games.

Answer 12

learned trigger causes aggression
If a player pushes their opponent who is marking to tightly, the opponent will push back. Then if a player marks too closely in the future they too may get a push
aggression can be learned from significant others.

Question 13

What is Aggessive cue hypothesis?

Answer 13

suggests that aggression is caused by a learned trigger

Question 14

What is social Learning theory?

Answer 14

Learning by associating with others and copying behaviour.

Question 15

Using the social learning explain why aggression might occur during team games

Answer 15

Copy peers
Copy significant others
behaviour copied if reinforced
Live behaviuor copied

Question 16

Name 3 features of aggression?

Answer 16

Intent to harm
outside the rules
hostile

Question 17

Name 3 features of assertion?

Answer 17

Within the rules
Motivated
No intent to harm

Question 18

What is catharsis?

Answer 18

A term for ‘Letting off steam’ . Sport can be seen as a release for chanelling aggression.
If aggressive intent is given an outlet then the agressive drive will drop.