VASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
Taking blood to the tissues and back
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD VESSELS
- Arteries
- Arterioles
*Capillaries - Venules
- Veins
Three layers (tunics)
- Tunic intima
- Tunic media
- Tunic externa
*Endothelium
Tunic intima
- Smooth muscle
*Controlled by sympathetic nervous system
Tunic media
Mostly fibrous connective tissue
Tunic externa
- Most arterial blood is pumped by the heart
- Veins use the milking action of muscles to help move blood
MOVEMENT OF BLOOD THROUGH VESSELS
Capillary beds consist of two types of vessels
- Vascular shunt
- True capillaries
directly connects an arteriole to a venule
Vascular shunt
– exchange vessels
*Oxygen and nutrients cross to cells
*Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products cross into blood
True capillaries
VITAL SIGNS
- Arterial pulse
- Blood pressure
- Repiratory Rate
- Body Temperature
- All indicate the efficiency of the system
pressure wave of blood
Pulse
Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries
BLOOD PRESSURE
pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction
Systolic
pressure when ventricles relax
Diastolic
Autonomic nervous system adjustments
(sympathetic division)
Neural factors
Regulation by altering blood volume
Renal factors
hormonal control
Renin
BLOOD PRESSURE: EFFECTS OF FACTORS
Temperature
Chemicals
Diet
has a vasodilation effect
Heat
has a vasoconstricting effect
Cold
Various substances can cause increases or
decreases
Chemicals
Normal systolic
140–110 mm Hg
Normal diastolic
80–75 mm Hg
Low systolic below 110 mm HG
Often associated with illness
Hypotension
High systolic above 140 mm HG
Can be dangerous if it is chronic
Hypertension
when blood returns to the heart from the
systemic route, it is pumped out of the right ventricle through the pulmonary to the lungs.
Pulmonary circulation
carries oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and
removes carbon dioxide and other wastes and heat from the tissues.
Systemic circulation
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the air sacs (alveoli) within the lungs and returns oxygenated blood from the air sacs to the left atrium
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
carries oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes and heat
from the tissues.
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
carries oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes and heat
from the tissue
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
carries venous blood from the gastrointestinal organs and spleen to the liver.
Hepatic portal circulation
vein that carries blood from one capillary network to another
Portal vein
receives blood from capillaries of gastrointestinal organs and the spleen and delivers it to the sinusoids of the liver.
Hepatic portal vein
drains blood from the small intestine and portions of the large intestine, stomach, and pancreas
Superior mesenteric vein
drains blood from the stomach, pancreas, and portions of the large intestine
Splenic vein
which passes into the splenic vein, drains portions of the large intestine
Inferior mesenteric vein
which open directly into the hepatic portal vein,
drain the stomach.
Right and left gastric veins
which also opens into the hepatic portal vein, drains the gallbladder.
Cystic vein
he liver is receiving nutrient-rich but deoxygenated
blood .
Hepatic portal vein
the liver also receiving oxygenated blood ,a branch of the celiac trunk.
Hepatic artery
the oxygenated blood mixes with the deoxygenated blood Eventually, blood leaves the sinusoids of the liver through the hepatic veins, which drain into the
inferior vena cava.
Sinusoids
