ANATOMICAL POSITION AND TERMINOLOGIES Flashcards
ANATOMICAL POSITION
• Stands erect
• Feet flat on the floor
• Palms and face facing forward
• Arms at the sides
BODY REGIONS
• Head
• Neck
• Trunk
• Thorax
• Abdomen
• Pelvic Cavity
• Upper Extremities
• Lower Extremities
Four Imaginary Planes that pass through the body in the anatomical position
ANATOMICAL PLANES
vertical plane passing longitudinally dividing body into two equal halves, the left and the right
Median Plane
vertical plane passing longitudinally dividing body into two unequal
equal halves, the left and the right
Sagittal Plane
Perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into two unequal halves: Anterior (front) and Posterior (back)
Coronal (frontal) plane
Divides the body to produce unequal superior (upper) and inferior (lower)
Transverse (longitudinal, axial, horizontal) plane
Planes are used to describe sections:
o Longitudinal – lengthwise
o Transverse - cross section
o Oblique – diagonal
nearer/towards to the head
Ex: The neck is superior to the chest
Superior (cranial)
nearer/towards the foot
Ex: The abdomen is inferior to the chest
Inferior (caudal)
nearer/towards to the front
Ex: The chestbone is anterior to the heart
Anterior (ventral)
nearer/towards the back
Ex: The heart is posterior to the sternum
Posterior (dorsal)
– nearer/towards to the medial plane
Ex: The index finger is medial to the thumb
Medial
farther/away from the median plane
Ex: The thumb is medial to the index finger
Lateral
nearer/towards to the trunk or point of origin
Ex: The arm is proximal to the elbow and the proximal part
of stomach is near the esophagus
Proximal
farther/away from the trunk or point of origin
Ex: The elbow is distal to the arm and the distal part of the stomach is near the duodenum
Distal
nearer/towards to the surface
Superficial
farther/away from the surface
Ex: Epidermis Dermis
Deep
nearer/towards to the center
Central
farther/away from the center
Peripheral
pertaining to the external wall of a body cavity
Parietal
pertaining to the covering of an organ
Visceral
pertaining to the external wall of a body cavity
Parietal
pertaining to the covering of an organ
Visceral
bony surfaces of bones slide or glide over each other
Gliding
bending movement that decreases the angle of the joints
Flexion
movement that increases angle of the joints
Extension
moving away from the longitudinal axis
Abduction
moving towards the longitudinal axis
Adduction
turning bone or limb around its long axis
Rotation
rotating the forearm laterally such that the palm faces superiorly
Supination
rotating the forearm medially such that the palm faces inferiorly
Pronation
sole of foot faces or turns medially
Inversion
sole of the foot faces or turns laterally
Eversion
sole of the foot faces or turns laterally
Eversion
antero-lateral movement of the scapula
Protraction
jutting out of jaw
Protrusion
raise or move a part superiorly
Elevation
lowering of limb or body inferiorly
Depression
to bring the thumb and index fingertips together
Opposition
combination of all movement
Circumduction
combination of all movement
Circumduction
brain, face with eyes, nose, mouth and ears
Head
connects head and trunk
Neck
heart and lungs
Thorax
most parts of digestive system and urinary system
Abdomen
with reproductive organs and distal parts of digestive
and urinary system
Pelvic Cavity
