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ANAPHY > Skeletal > Flashcards

Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

responsible for its resilience

A

collagenous fibers

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2
Q

responsible for its hardness
Mainly made up of calcium phosphate
Small amounts of calcium carbonate are present also

A

calcified ground substance

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3
Q

active in bone formation

A

Osteoblasts

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4
Q

active in bone resorption

A

Osteoclasts

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5
Q

principal cells of mature bone

A

Osteocytes

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6
Q

secrete the organic components of the matrix

A

Osteoblasts

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7
Q

develop from cells (osteoblasts)

A

Bones

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8
Q

present in all cavities of bone and they
function to cause resorption

A

Large cells osteoclasts

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9
Q

are osteoblasts that are now surrounded by the bone matrix as the bone is formed

A

Osteocytes

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10
Q

allow for growth of long bone during childhood
New cartilage is continuously formed
Older cartilage becomes ossified

A

Epiphyseal plates

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11
Q

Hormonal Regulation

A

A. Hormonal Regulation
B. Calcitonin

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12
Q

Released when blood calcium level is low
*Increased: results to bone resorption

A

Parathyroid hormone

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13
Q

Released when blood calcium level is high
Inhibits bone resorption

A

Calcitonin

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14
Q

Types of Bone Tissue

A

A. Compact
B. Cancellous (spongy)

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15
Q

dense and strong
e.g. outer surface of bones

A

Compact

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16
Q

with many spaces, red bone marrow where
hematopoiesis takes place
e.g. inside flat bones like in skull, sternum and ribs

A

Cancellous (spongy)

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17
Q

Classification of Bones

A

A. According to Shape
B. According to Development

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18
Q

consist of a shaft, or diaphysis and two extremities,
each called epiphysis
* e.g. humerus, radius, tibia and fibula

A

Long bones

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19
Q

typified by the carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal
bones of the ankle

A

Short bones

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20
Q

consist of two plates of compact tissues enclosing a
layer of spongy bone
* e.g. ribs, scapula, parts of hip bone and bones of the skull

A

Flat bones

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21
Q

comprises bones of peculiar and differing shapes,
such as the vertebrae and the ossicles of the ear

A

Irregular bones

22
Q

enclosed in tendon and fascial tissue and are found
adjacent to joints
e.g. patella

A

Sesamoid bones

23
Q

Involves the direct mineralization of dense connective tissue membrane forming
bones
e.g. flat bones of the cranium

A

Bones formed by Intramembranous ossification

24
Q

Most bones are formed by the process of endochondral ossification, the
replacement of cartilage by bone

A

Bones formed by endochondral ossification

25
Q

Consists of skull (28bones: 8 cranial, 14 facial, 6 ear ossicles), the hyoid bone,
the vertebrae (26bones), the ribs (24bones) and the sternum

A

Axial Skeleton

26
Q

Bones of upper extremities (64 including the shoulder girdle)
Bones of lower extremities (62 including the pelvic girdle)

A

Appendicular Skeleton

27
Q

Area of union between 2 or more bones

A

JOINTS (ARTHROSES)

28
Q

fibrous connective tissue holds the bones together
Immovable and called as Synarthroses

A

Fibrous joints

29
Q

cartilage holds the bones together
Slightly moveable called as Amphiarthroses
e.g. symphysis pubis, intervertebral disk

A

Cartilagenous joints

30
Q

a cavity with fluid found between bones
Freely moveable and called as Diarthroses
e.g. most joints in the body like in the extremities

A

Synovial joints

31
Q

allows movement in many directions
e.g. shoulder joint

A

Ball and socket

32
Q

allows movement in one direction
e.g. elbow and knee joints

A

Hinge

33
Q

allows rotation around length of bone
e.g. atlantoaxial joint

A

Pivot

34
Q

allows movement in 2 directions
e.g. wrist joint

A

Condyloid

35
Q

like condyloid only with deeper articulating surface
e.g. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

A

Saddle

36
Q

bones slide over one another
e.g. carpal and tarsal joints

A

Gliding

37
Q

Break in a bone or cartilage
Can be simple or compound depending on whether or not the skin is broken

A

FRACTURE

38
Q

VERTEBRAL COLUM INJURIES

A

A. Exaggerations of the spinal curvature
B. Herniated intervertebral disk

39
Q

when posterior curvature is accentuated in thoracic area

A

Kyphosis

40
Q

when anterior curvature is accentuated in lumbar region

A

Lordosis

41
Q

when there is a lateral curvature and rotation of vertebrae

A

Scoliosis

42
Q

when the outer covering ruptures owing trauma
and the inner core protrudes usually postero-laterally towards the vertebral canal

A

Herniated intervertebral disk

43
Q

inflammation of the synovial bursa

A

Bursitis

44
Q

inflammation of joints

A

Arthritis

45
Q

disease comes from prolonged wear and tear of
joints

A

Degenerative joint

46
Q

in the lower back region is an inflammation of the fibrous connective tissue of joints

A

Primary fibrositis (Rheumatism or Lumbago)

47
Q

tendon sheaths become inflamed and may deter
movement of the involved joints

A

Tenosynovitis

48
Q
  • Most common chronic arthritis
A

Osteoarthritis

49
Q
  • An autoimmune disease – the immune system attacks the joints
  • Often leads to deformities
A

Rheumatoid arthritis

50
Q
  • inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate crystals from
    the blood
A

Gouty Arthritis

ANAPHY (21 decks)

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