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ANAPHY > CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q
  • A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
    *The heart pumps blood
    *Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all
    parts of the body
    *is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove
    carbon dioxide and other waste products
A

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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2
Q
  • Thorax between the lungs
  • Pointed apex directed toward left hip
  • About the size of your fist
  • Less than 1
A

Heart

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3
Q

a double serous membrane

A

Pericardium

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4
Q

Pericardium Next to heart

A

Visceral pericardium

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5
Q

Pericardium Outside layer

A

Parietal pericardium

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6
Q

fills the space between the layers of pericardium

A

Serous fluid

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7
Q

Three layers of heart wall

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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8
Q

*Outside layer
*This layer is the parietal pericardium
*Connective tissue layer

A

Epicardium

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9
Q

*Middle layer
*Mostly cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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10
Q
  • Inner layer
    *Endothelium
A

Endocardium

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11
Q

Covers the heart and attaches to the
pericardium

A

Epicardium

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12
Q

Contracts to pump blood into the arteries

A

Myocardium

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13
Q

Lines the interior chambers and valves

A

Endocardium

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14
Q

Thin, serous(watery) membrane that is
continuous with the lining of the pericardium

A

Epicardium

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15
Q

Thick layer of cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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16
Q

Thin layer of epithelial cells that is continuous
with the lining of the blood vessels

A

Endocardium

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17
Q

Right and left side act as separate pumps

A

HEART CHAMBERS

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18
Q
  • Four chambers
A
  • Right Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Left Atrium
  • Left Ventricle
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19
Q

*Receiving chambers
* Right atrium
* Left atrium

A

Atria

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20
Q
  • Discharging chambers
  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
A

Ventricles

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21
Q

Upper right chamber

A

Right Atrium

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22
Q

Lower right chamber

A

Right Ventricle

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23
Q

Upper left chamber

A

Left Atrium

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24
Q

Lower left chamber

A

Left Ventricle

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25
Q

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via both the Superior(upper) vena cava and inferior (lower) vena cava and pumps into the right ventricle

A

Right Atrium

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26
Q

Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs to be oxygenated.

A

Right Ventricle

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27
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the
pulmonary veins and pumps it into the left ventricle.

A

Left Atrium

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28
Q

Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta. The cell walls of the left ventricle are nearly three times as thick as those of the right ventricle owing to the force required to pump the blood into the arterial system

A

Left Ventricle

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29
Q

Allow blood to flow in only one direction

A

Valves

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30
Q

Four valves

A
  • Right AV valve or tricuspid valve
  • Left valve or Bicuspid or mitral valve
  • Right semilunar valve or pulmonic/ pulmonary valve
  • Left semilunar valve or aortic valve
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31
Q

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

Right AV valve or tricuspid valve

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32
Q

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

Left valve or Bicuspid or mitral valve

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33
Q

At the entrance to the pulmonary artery

A

Right semilunar valve or pulmonic/ pulmonary valve

34
Q

At the entrance to the aorta

A

Left semilunar valve or aortic valve

35
Q

Has three cusps hence the name tricuspid

A

Right AV valve or tricuspid valve

36
Q

Has two cusps, hence the name bicuspid

A

Left valve or Bicuspid or mitral valve

37
Q

Has three half-moon shaped cusps

A

Right semilunar valve or pulmonic/ pulmonary valve

38
Q

Has three half shaped cusps

A

Left semilunar valve or aortic valve

39
Q

Closes when the right vent. Contracts and prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium

A

Right AV valve or tricuspid valve

40
Q

Closes when the left vent. Contracts and prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium

A

Left valve or Bicuspid or mitral valve

41
Q

Closes when the right vent. Relaxes and prevents blood from flowing back into right ventricle

A

Right semilunar valve or pulmonic/ pulmonary valve

42
Q

Closes when the left ventricle relaxes and prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle

A

Left semilunar valve or aortic valve

43
Q

backflow and repump

A

Incompetent valve

44
Q

stiff= heart workload increased

A

Stenosis

45
Q

Valve Pathology

A
  • Incompetent valve = backflow and repump
  • Stenosis = stiff= heart workload increased
  • May be replaced
  • Lup Dub Heart Sound
46
Q

The Heart: Associated Great Vessels

A
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Vena cava
  • Pulmonary veins (four)
47
Q
  • Leaves left ventricle
A

Aorta

48
Q
  • Leave right ventricle
A

Pulmonary arteries

49
Q
  • Enters right atrium
A

Vena cava

50
Q
  • Enter left atrium
A

Pulmonary veins (four)

51
Q

Rapid heart beat

A
  • = Inadequate blood
  • = Angina Pectoris
52
Q
  • Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium
  • The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system
    *Coronary arteries
    *Cardiac veins
    *Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus
A

CORONARY CIRCULATION

53
Q

Heart muscle cells contract, without nerve impulses, in a regular, continuous way

A

Intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)

54
Q

“Pacemaker”

A

Sinoatrial node

55
Q

junction of right and left atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular node

56
Q

Bundle of His

A

Atrioventricular bundle

57
Q

Special tissue sets the pace

A
  1. Sinoatrial node
  2. Atrioventricular node
  3. Atrioventricular bundle
  4. Bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fibers
58
Q

impulse across atria

A

P wave

59
Q

spread of impulse down septum, around ventricles
in Purkinje fibers

A

QRS complex

60
Q

end of electrical activity in ventricles

A

T wave

61
Q

= release of ventricles from control

A

Damage to AV node

62
Q

= lack of blood flow to the heart

A

Fibrillation

63
Q

= more than 100 beats/min

A

Tachycardia

64
Q

= less than 60 beats/min

A

Bradychardia

65
Q

= slower heart beat

A
  • Slower heart beat can lead to fibrillation
66
Q
  • Atria contract simultaneously
  • Atria relax, then ventricles contract
A

CARDIAC CYCLE

67
Q

contraction

A

Systole

68
Q

relaxation

A

Diastole

69
Q
  • Amount of blood pumped by each side of the
    heart in one minute
A

Cardiac output (CO)

70
Q

(heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume [SV])

A

= CO

71
Q
  • Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in
    one contraction
A

Stroke volume

72
Q

CO =

A

= HR x SV

73
Q

Stroke volume usually remains relatively
constant

A

REGULATION OF HEART RATE

74
Q

the more that the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction

A

Starling’s law of the heart

75
Q

Increased heart rate

A
  1. Sympathetic nervous system
  2. Hormones
  3. Exercise
  4. Decreased blood volume
76
Q

*Crisis
*Low blood pressure

A

Sympathetic nervous system

77
Q

*Epinephrine
*Thyroxine

A

Hormones

78
Q

*Parasympathetic nervous system
* High blood pressure or blood volume
* Dereased venous return
* In Congestive Heart Failure the heart is worn out and pumps weakly. Digitalis works to provide a slow, steady, but stronger beat

A

Decreased heart rate

79
Q
  • Decline in pumping efficiency of heart
  • Inadequate circulation
  • Progressive, also coronary atherosclerosis, high blood pressure and history of multiple Myocardial Infarctions
A

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF)

80
Q

pulmonary congestion and suffocation

A

Left side fails

81
Q

peripheral congestion and edema

A

Right side fails

ANAPHY (21 decks)

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