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ANAPHY > MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

COMPONENTS OF URINARY SYSTEM

A

-Kidneys
-Bladder
-Ureters
-Urethra

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2
Q

RENAL FUNCTIONS

A
  1. Acid-Base Balance
  2. Excretion of metabolic wastes
  3. Excretion of bioactive substances
  4. Secretion of renin
  5. Secretion of erythropoietin
  6. Conversion of Vitamin D
  7. Gluconeogenesis
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3
Q
  • stains darker than medulla
A

Cortex

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4
Q

contains 8-12 renal pyramids containing a
renal lobe

A

Medulla (inner)

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5
Q
  • apical end contains renal papilla and minor calyx
    that eventually become one of three major clayces
  • are separated by structures called renal columns
A

Renal Pyramids

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6
Q
  • Where renal artery and vein are located
  • The ureter exits the kidney from here
A

Renal Hilum

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7
Q
  • Largest
  • Divides into 2 segmental arteries at hilum
A

Renal Artery

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8
Q
  • Branch from segmental arteries
  • Extend between renal pyramids towards
    corticomedullary junction
A

Interlobar Arteries

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9
Q
  • Branches from interlobar arteries
A

Arcurate Arteries

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10
Q
  • Branches from arcurate arteries
  • Extend all the way to renal cortex
A

Interlobular Arteries

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11
Q
  • Where blood is filtered in the kidney
  • drained by efferent arterioles
A

glomeruli

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12
Q
  • branch into peritubular capillaries
A

Efferent arterioles

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13
Q

Functional units of the kidney
* 1- 4 million

A

NEPHRONS

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14
Q

Major Divisions of Nephron

A
  1. Renal Corpuscle
  2. Proximal Tubule
  3. Loop of Henle
  4. Distal Tubule
  5. Connecting Tubule
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15
Q
  • links nephron to collecting ducts
A

Connecting Tubule

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16
Q
  • Dilated part enclosing a tuft of capillary loops
  • SITE OF BLOOD FILTRATION
A

RENAL CORPUCSCLE

17
Q

RENAL CORPUCSCLE Contains the ff

A
  • Glomerulus
  • Glomerular Capsule ( Bowman’s Capsule)
  • Podocytes
18
Q

> Simple Squamous Epithelial

A
  • Glomerular Capsule ( Bowman’s Capsule)
19
Q

> Satellite Epithelial Cells
Compose the apparatus for renal filtration

20
Q

GLOMERULUS Three Parts:

A
  1. Fenestrated Capillary Endothelium
  2. Fused Basal Laminae
  3. Slit Pores
21
Q

> Contains Type IV Collagen
Produced by Podocytes

A

Fused Basal Laminae

22
Q

For Reabsorption and Secretion of Substances

A

NEPHRON TUBULES

23
Q
  • located at renal cortex
A

Proximal Convoluted Cuboidal Tubule

24
Q

Proximal Convoluted Cuboidal Tubule

A

> Simple Cuboidal Cells
Contains Microvilli
Abundant Mitochondria
Basolateral Folds

25
Q

Proximal Convoluted Cuboidal Tubule
Molecules Reabsorbed:

A

-Glucose
-Amino Acids
-Electrolytes
-Water

26
Q
  • With Thin Ascending and Thin Descending parts
    -contains SQUAMOUS epithelial
  • Also contains Thick Ascending Limb
    > Further thickens to macula densa
A

Loop of Henle

27
Q
  • Specialized smooth muscle cells
  • Have juxtaglomerular cells
    > Secrete renin
A

Macula Densa

28
Q

Where Electrolyte Levels are adjusted further

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

29
Q
  • Join to form the cortical collecting ducts
    > simple cuboidal epithelium
A

Connecting Tubules

30
Q

> pale staining
few mitochondria
contain cell membranes rich in aquaporins
- for passive water reabsorption
delivers filtrate of plasma into minor calyces

A

Principal Cells

31
Q

urine is also called

32
Q

The calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary
bladder are lined by

A

urothelium

33
Q
  • Contain Large Bulbous superficial cells called
    umbrella cells that contain uroplakin
    > protect cytoplasm
A

UROTHELIUM

34
Q
  • Where urine temporarily is stored
  • Contains folded mucosa which unfold as bladder fills.
  • Transitional epithelium gets thinner as bladder fills
A

URINARY BLADDER

35
Q
  • Drains the bladder
  • Lined initially by urothelium
36
Q

is followed by stratified and pseuostratified
columnar epithelium

A

Urothelium

37
Q

Male Urethra has three regions:

A

> Prostatic Urthera
Membranous Urethra
Penile Urethra

38
Q

> Last portions of male urethra is

A

stratified squamous
epithelium

ANAPHY (21 decks)

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