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ANAPHY > MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A
  1. Testis
  2. Genital Ducts
  3. Accessory Glands
  4. Penis
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2
Q

Overall Functions of Male Reproductive System:

A
  1. Production of Sperm
  2. Secretion of Hormones
  3. Production of substances required for sperm activity
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3
Q

Semen

A

spermatozoa + secretions

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4
Q

TESTES
Regions:

A
  1. Tunica Albuginea (dense connective tissue)
  2. Mediastinum Testis ( fibrous regions)
  3. Testicular Lobules
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5
Q

-each lobule contains seminiferous tubules
containing interstitial cells (of Leydig).

A

Testicular Lobules

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6
Q

Leydig Cells/ Interstitial Cells

A
  • Round, Polygonal
  • Central Nuclei
  • Eosinophilic Cytoplasm
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7
Q
  • 250 – 1000 tubules per Testicular Lobule
A

Seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

Seminiferous tubules
Contains:

A

> Spermatogenic epithelium
Basement Membrane
Myoid Cells ( for contraction)
Sertoli cells

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9
Q

> Physically and metabolically support developing sperm cell precursors

A

Steroli Cells

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10
Q

> Produce androgen-binding protein, which concentrates testosterone
Secrete fluid that carries sperm along the tubules

A

Steroli Cells

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11
Q

shed debris from differentiating
spermatids,

A

Phagocytoses

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12
Q

Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis

A

-Condensing of nucleus
- Formation of flagellum w/ mitochondrial middle piece
-Formation of Acrosomal Cap

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13
Q

EXCRETORY GENITAL DUCTS

A
  1. Epididymis
  2. Ductus Deferens/ Vas Deferens
  3. Urethra
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14
Q

EXCRETORY GENITAL DUCTS
Collective Function:

A

transport sperm from scrotum to penis during ejaculation.

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15
Q

4-5m in length
* WHERE MATURATION OCCURS
* Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Epididymis

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16
Q

Epididymis Regions:

A

a. Head
b. Body
c. Tail

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17
Q

Passage of Sperm through epididymis takes

A

2-4 weeks.

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18
Q
  • Also has pseudostratified column.
A

Ductus/ Vas Deferens

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19
Q
  • Has three layers of smooth muscle
    > Peristaltic movement
A

Epith

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20
Q
  • Produce Secretions mixed with sperm to produce
    semen
A

ACCESSORY GLANDS

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21
Q

ACCESSORY GLANDS

A
  1. Seminal Gland/ Vesicle
  2. Prostate Gland
  3. Bulbourethral Gland
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22
Q
  • Lined with both simple and pesudostratified
    columnar epithelium (containing secretory cells)
  • Exocrine Glands
  • Secretion makes up 70% of ejaculate
A

Seminal Vesicles

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23
Q

Seminal Vesicles
-Secretion makes up 70% of ejaculate, containing:

A

> Fructose
Prostaglandins
Fibrinogen

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24
Q
  • Collection of 30-50 tubuloacinar glands embedded in a dense fibromuscular stroma
    Contains three zones (arranged around the urethra)
A

Prostate Gland

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25
Q
  • contains mucosal glands
A

Transition Zone (5%)

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26
Q
  • contains submucosal glands
A

Central Zone (25%)

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27
Q
  • contains main prostate glands
A

Peripheral Zone (75%)

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28
Q
  • AKA Cowper glands
  • Empties into proximal part of penile urethra
A

Bulbourethral Gland

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29
Q
  • Contians three cylindrical masses of
    erectile tissue, penile urethra and skin
A

PENIS

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30
Q

Corpora Cavernosa

A

dorsal

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31
Q

Corpus Spongiosum

A

ventral

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32
Q

> pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Penile Urethra

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33
Q

Retractable fold in skin with sebaceous
glands

A

Foreskin (prepuce)

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34
Q

> Blood filling cavernous spaces in tissue
Triggered by external stimuli to CNS
Controlled by autonomic nerves

A

Penile Erection

35
Q

> Relaxes muscle of the small helicine arteries and adjacent tissues, allowing vessels of the cavernous tissue to fill with blood
Enlargement of corpora muscles

A

Parasympathetic Stimulation

36
Q

Occurs at ejaculation

A

Sympathetic Stimulation

37
Q

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A
  1. Paired Ovaries
  2. Paired Oviducts (Uterine Tubes)
  3. Uterus
  4. Vagina
  5. External Genitalia
  6. Mammary Glands
38
Q

> Not part of Reproductive System per se, but undergo changes directly connected to the functional state of reproductive organs.

A

Mammary Glands

39
Q
  • “almond shaped”
  • Contains a Cortex and Medulla
40
Q

Ovaries Contain the following epithelium:

A

> Cuboidal
Surface/Germinal
Tunica Albuginea

41
Q

– loose connective tissue
- blood vessels

42
Q

– cellular connective tissue
- contains ovarian follicles

43
Q
  • Consists of an oocyte surrounded by layers of
    epithelial cells and lamina
A

Ovarian Follicles

44
Q

-Formed from developing fetal gonad
-Contains one primary oocyte arrested in meiotic
prophase I

A

Primordial Follicles

45
Q
  • Develop from primordial follicles
  • Enlarging primary oocyte surrounded by larger
    epithelial cells now called granulosa cells
A

Primary Follicles

46
Q

-Responsible for steroid hormone production
during maturation

A

Granulosa Cells

47
Q

-Contains glycoproteins (ZO proteins) to which
the sperm surface must bind to reach the oocyte at
fertilization

A

Zona Pellucida

48
Q

Follicular Growth and Development

A

> Onset of Puberty
Initiated by Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Growth of Oocytes
Proliferation and Changes in Follicular Cells
Formation of Secondary/Antral Follicles
Formation of Graffian Follicles

49
Q

Oocyte Differentiation

A
  1. Growth of Cell and Nuclear Enlargement
  2. Production of more Mitochondria
  3. RER becoming more extensive
  4. Enlargement of Golgi Complex
  5. Formation of Cortical Granules
50
Q

What happens at follicular growth?

A
  1. Formation of Unilaminar Primary Follicle
  2. Formation of Multilaminar Primary Follicle
  3. Formation of Zona Pellucida
  4. Formation of Follicular Theca
51
Q

*Involves movement of a very large, dominant graafian follicle to the ovary surface
*Completion of meiosis I,
*Release of a polar body from the oocyte
Forms the Corpus Luteum

52
Q

estrogen

A

Granulosa Lutein

53
Q

progesterone

A

Theca Lutein

54
Q
  • Where the secondary oocyte enters
  • Where oocyte degenerates if not fertilized
A

UTERINE TUBES OR OVIDUCTS

55
Q

Regions of Uterine Tubes

A
  1. Infundibulum
  2. Ampulla
  3. Isthmus
  4. Intramural part
56
Q

> with fimbrae

A

Infundibulum

57
Q

> longest region
where fertilization normally occurs

58
Q

> narrower portion near the uterus

59
Q

> passes through uterine wall

A

Intramural part

60
Q

“Pear Shaped” Organ

61
Q

Uterine Wall
* Three Layers:

A
  1. Perimetrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium
62
Q

> covered by mesothelium

A

Perimetrium

63
Q

> highly vascularized

A

Myometrium

64
Q

> simple columnar epithelium

A

Endometrium

65
Q

UTERUS Regions:

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Isthmus
  3. Cervix
66
Q

entry point of the uterine tubes

67
Q

> cylindrical structure
Has two openings:

68
Q

main uterine lumen

A

Internal Os

69
Q

to vagina

A

External Os

70
Q

*Narrow, inferior end of uterus.
*Endocervical Mucosa is lined with simple columnar epithelium
* Contains cervical glands
> secretes mucous

71
Q

s lined with nonkeratinized simple sq. epithelium

A

Exocervical Mucosa

72
Q

*Lacks Glands

73
Q

VAGINA Consists of

A

> Mucosa
Muscular Layer
Adventitia

74
Q

Epithelium of vagina is

A

stratified squamous

75
Q

which is later metabolized by bacteria into lactic acid,
giving low pH of Vagina

A

Squamous cells accumulate glycogen

76
Q

*AKA Vulva:
* All contain stratified sq. epithelium

A

EXTERNAL GENITALIA

77
Q

> contains tubuloacinar glands

78
Q

lacking hair follicles; has oil glands

A

Labia Minora

79
Q

similar histologically to skin of
scrotum

A

Labia Majora

80
Q

erectile structure similar to penis

81
Q

*Alveolar secretory units develop after puberty
on a branching duct system with lactiferous sinuses converging at the nipple.
* Highly modified Apocrine Sweat Glands

A

MAMMARY GLANDS

82
Q

Milk secretion

83
Q

which begins in late pregnancy and continues until weaning, involves both protein exocytosis and apocrine secretion of lipid droplets

A

Milk secretion (lactation)

ANAPHY (21 decks)

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