Vasc- superfical vein imaging

Question 1

where are superficial leg veins located?

Answer 1

• near the skin, superficial to the muscle

- travel without an accompanying artery within the border the sperated the fascia from the muscle

Question 2

function of superficial leg veins?

Answer 2

• primary job is not to return bloof to the heart but to get blood close to the skin surface so the veins can regulate body temp.

Question 3

whens its cold/hot what do the superfical leg veins do?

Answer 3

cold: consrict to help preserve body heat
hot: enlarge to shunt large amounts of warm blood to the skin so that heat escapes the body

Question 4

where does the GSV arise from?

Answer 4

• from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot

Question 5

where does the GSV pass?

Answer 5

• passes in front of the medial malleolus to run up the medial aspect of the calf and knee into the thigh

Question 6

GSV course in upper thigh?

Answer 6

• curved laterally and deeply to join the CFV just below the inguinal ligament

Question 7

GSV 2 components?

Answer 7

1. posterior divistion

2. anterior division

Question 8

posterior division of the GSV?

• passes?
• communicates with?

Answer 8

passes up from the medial malleolus and communicaties with the perforator veins

Question 9

anterior division of the GSV joins where?

Answer 9

joint the posterior devision just below the knee

Question 10

Where does the GSV end?

Answer 10

at a point anterior to the medial malleolus

Question 11

GSV runs between what?

Answer 11

• 2 hyperechouc fascia

- becomes smaller alont the way caudally

Question 12

what is the “egyptian eye”?

Answer 12

• normal GSV with the fascial sheath

Question 13

Duplication of the GSV can be seen in the thigh in what % of people?

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

what is the GSV connected to the deep veins by?

Answer 14

• receives many tributaries and is connected to the deep veins by perforating veins

Question 15

The GSV enters _____ through _____?

Answer 15

the GSV enters the CFV through the fossa ovalis

Question 16

There are several large superficial branches that enter the saphenous vein where?

Answer 16

at the saphenous bulb

Question 17

at least how many tributaries drain into the SFJ? from where?

Answer 17

• at least 6 tributaries from the groin, lower abdo wall, and perineum

Question 18

what is the significance of the tributaries that drain into the SFJ? What do they provide?

Answer 18

• significant in the recurrence of varicose veins following high ligation
• provide a network of collateral channels which may bypass a resected or obstructed segment

Question 19

If thrombus is noted in the GSV what should be measured?

Answer 19

• distance from the edge of the thrombus to the SFJ

Question 20

some clinicians will anticoagulate patients with thrombus extending to within what distance from the SFJ?

Answer 20

0.5-1cm

Question 21

what does GSV thrombus look like on u/s?

Answer 21

• vein dilates and becomes tortuous

- more painful for patient because they’re closer to the skin

Question 22

Superficial vein thrombus is also known as?

Answer 22

superficial thrombophlebitis

Question 23

Clots in the superficial system post a threat to produce a pulmonary embolism T or F?

Answer 23

true

Question 24

thrombus within ___cm of the deep system are sometimes treated as DVT?

Answer 24

2cm

Question 25

why does superficial vein thrombus not pose as high a risk to dislodge than deep vein thrombus?

Answer 25

• they’re smaller

- not surrounded by muscle

Question 26

Factors contributing to SVT-superficial thrombophlebitis?

Answer 26

• most common in varicose veins

- may follow trauma

Question 27

clinical signs of SVT?

Answer 27

• severe pain/ tenderness
• redness
• inflammation
• swelling
• pyrexia (fever)
• palpable cord

Question 28

D/D- The most common entities that are confused with SVT? (2) **

Answer 28

• lymphangitis

- cellulitis

Question 29

SVT is associated with an occult DVT in approximately what % of the time?

Answer 29

20%

Question 30

duplicated GSV below knee is seen in what % of cases?

Answer 30

30%

Question 31

what are medial calf perforators?

Answer 31

posterior accessory vein communicated with PTV via perforating veins

Question 32

LSV arise from?

Answer 32

• the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot

Question 33

where does the LSV pass?

Answer 33

• passes below and behind the lateral malleolus
• run up the posterolateral aspect of the calf to the popliteal fossa
• passes through a deep fascia to join the pop v at the crease

Question 34

if the LSV does not join to the pop vein where may it join?

Answer 34

• profunda femoris vein in the lower thigh

- femoral vein above the knee

Question 35

where does the LSV run from and originate?

Answer 35

• runs from ankle to knee

- originates in the lateral aspect of the foot

Question 36

what are perforator veins?

Answer 36

• veins that connect the superficial veins to the deep veins

Question 37

what is the job of perforator veins?

Answer 37

• to conduct flow from the superficial to deep system

- keep blood from pooling at skin level

Question 38

what occurs when perforator vein valves malfunction?

Answer 38

• blood pools at the skin level resulting in chronic stasis changes and ulcers may form

Question 39

Standard sites for the perforators are at the level of the?

Answer 39

junction of the middle and lower 3rds of the thigh and in the calf

Question 40

What happens with incompetent deep veins and perforating veins?

Answer 40

• venous hypertension below the fascia of the leg is transmitted to the superficial system

Question 41

upper extremity SVT is most commonly seen in what veins? (2) **

Answer 41

basilic and cephalic veins

Question 42

what is the most common cause of SVT in upper extremity?

Answer 42

• intravenous infusions that inflict a chemical injury on the vein wall
• leads to inflammation and thrombosis
• also associated with trousseaus syndrome and buerger’s disease