Vasc- superfical vein imaging Flashcards
where are superficial leg veins located?
- near the skin, superficial to the muscle
- travel without an accompanying artery within the border the sperated the fascia from the muscle
function of superficial leg veins?
- primary job is not to return bloof to the heart but to get blood close to the skin surface so the veins can regulate body temp.
whens its cold/hot what do the superfical leg veins do?
cold: consrict to help preserve body heat
hot: enlarge to shunt large amounts of warm blood to the skin so that heat escapes the body
where does the GSV arise from?
- from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot
where does the GSV pass?
- passes in front of the medial malleolus to run up the medial aspect of the calf and knee into the thigh
GSV course in upper thigh?
- curved laterally and deeply to join the CFV just below the inguinal ligament
GSV 2 components?
- posterior divistion
2. anterior division
posterior division of the GSV?
- passes?
- communicates with?
passes up from the medial malleolus and communicaties with the perforator veins
anterior division of the GSV joins where?
joint the posterior devision just below the knee
Where does the GSV end?
at a point anterior to the medial malleolus
GSV runs between what?
- 2 hyperechouc fascia
- becomes smaller alont the way caudally
what is the “egyptian eye”?
- normal GSV with the fascial sheath
Duplication of the GSV can be seen in the thigh in what % of people?
50%
what is the GSV connected to the deep veins by?
- receives many tributaries and is connected to the deep veins by perforating veins
The GSV enters _____ through _____?
the GSV enters the CFV through the fossa ovalis
There are several large superficial branches that enter the saphenous vein where?
at the saphenous bulb
at least how many tributaries drain into the SFJ? from where?
- at least 6 tributaries from the groin, lower abdo wall, and perineum
what is the significance of the tributaries that drain into the SFJ? What do they provide?
- significant in the recurrence of varicose veins following high ligation
- provide a network of collateral channels which may bypass a resected or obstructed segment
If thrombus is noted in the GSV what should be measured?
- distance from the edge of the thrombus to the SFJ
some clinicians will anticoagulate patients with thrombus extending to within what distance from the SFJ?
0.5-1cm
what does GSV thrombus look like on u/s?
- vein dilates and becomes tortuous
- more painful for patient because they’re closer to the skin
Superficial vein thrombus is also known as?
superficial thrombophlebitis
Clots in the superficial system post a threat to produce a pulmonary embolism T or F?
true
thrombus within ___cm of the deep system are sometimes treated as DVT?
2cm
why does superficial vein thrombus not pose as high a risk to dislodge than deep vein thrombus?
- they’re smaller
- not surrounded by muscle
Factors contributing to SVT-superficial thrombophlebitis?
- most common in varicose veins
- may follow trauma
clinical signs of SVT?
- severe pain/ tenderness
- redness
- inflammation
- swelling
- pyrexia (fever)
- palpable cord
D/D- The most common entities that are confused with SVT? (2) **
- lymphangitis
- cellulitis
SVT is associated with an occult DVT in approximately what % of the time?
20%
duplicated GSV below knee is seen in what % of cases?
30%
what are medial calf perforators?
posterior accessory vein communicated with PTV via perforating veins
LSV arise from?
- the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot
where does the LSV pass?
- passes below and behind the lateral malleolus
- run up the posterolateral aspect of the calf to the popliteal fossa
- passes through a deep fascia to join the pop v at the crease
if the LSV does not join to the pop vein where may it join?
- profunda femoris vein in the lower thigh
- femoral vein above the knee
where does the LSV run from and originate?
- runs from ankle to knee
- originates in the lateral aspect of the foot
what are perforator veins?
- veins that connect the superficial veins to the deep veins
what is the job of perforator veins?
- to conduct flow from the superficial to deep system
- keep blood from pooling at skin level
what occurs when perforator vein valves malfunction?
- blood pools at the skin level resulting in chronic stasis changes and ulcers may form
Standard sites for the perforators are at the level of the?
junction of the middle and lower 3rds of the thigh and in the calf
What happens with incompetent deep veins and perforating veins?
- venous hypertension below the fascia of the leg is transmitted to the superficial system
upper extremity SVT is most commonly seen in what veins? (2) **
basilic and cephalic veins
what is the most common cause of SVT in upper extremity?
- intravenous infusions that inflict a chemical injury on the vein wall
- leads to inflammation and thrombosis
- also associated with trousseaus syndrome and buerger’s disease
