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CNIH > Peds- abdomen embryology > Flashcards

Peds- abdomen embryology Flashcards

1
Q

what 5 things are included in embryology?

A
  1. fertilization
  2. zygote
  3. blastula
  4. gastrula
  5. organogenesis
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2
Q

what is organogenesis?

A

cephalocaudal and lateral foldings lead to formation of primitive/primordial gut from endoderm

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3
Q

what are the 3 primary germ layers?

A
  1. endoderm (inner layer)
  2. mesoderm (middle layer)
  3. ectoderm (external layer)
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4
Q

3 primordial gut parts?

A
  1. foregut
  2. midgut
  3. hindgut
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5
Q

What forms the foregut? (9)

A
  • pharynx
  • oral cavity
  • upper/lower respiratory system
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • duodenum
  • liver
  • bile ducts
  • pancreas
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6
Q

during duodenal development what occurs?

A
  • during duodenal development, the lumen becomes obliterated and recanalizes
  • if this fails, duodenal atresia or stenosis occurs
  • infants present with bile-stained vomiting
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7
Q

what does the midgut form?

A
  • part of duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • part of transverse colon
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8
Q

when does physiological herniation occur?

A

9-11 weeks

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9
Q

what is physiological herniation?

  • when does midgut return into abdomen?
  • what are the last structures to return?
  • what becomes fixed to posterior of andominal cavity?
A
  • rapidly enlarging liver and kidneys cause a shortage of room
  • midgut forms a loop and elongates into the umbilicus (week 9)
  • midgut returns to abdo. by the 12th week (anticlockwise rotation)
  • cecum and appendix are the last structures to return
  • large bowel becomes fixed to the posterior of abdo. cavity
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10
Q

what does the hidgut form?

A
  • left 3rd of transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid
  • rectum
  • upper part of anal canal
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11
Q

What is the rectum separated from the urogenital organs by?

A

a septum

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12
Q

if there is abnomral seperation from rectum and urogenital organs what occurs?

A
  • fistulas to the urethra, bladder, and vagina occur
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13
Q

When does the liver, GB, and bild duct system form?

A

4-6th week of fetal development

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14
Q

endodermal outgroth or hepatic diverticulum forms at what week?

A

4-6th week of fetal development

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15
Q

How does the endodermal outgrowth or hepatic dicerticulum form?

  • caudal portion?
  • cephalic portion?
A
  • caudal portion differentiates into cystic duct and bile duct
  • cephalic portion 2 buds begin forming the right and left hepatic lobes
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16
Q

cephalic portion of liver formation?

A
  • The buds grow into columns that branch and form networks
  • These eventually become the liver sinusoids.
  • The columns of endodermal cells and the liver parenchyma grow into the surrounding mesoderm
  • The mesoderm provides tissue for the portal tracts and the Glisson capsule
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17
Q

When do the liver lobes become different sizes?

A
  • In the beginning both lobes are equal in size
  • The liver begins developing blood cells
  • By end of 6th wk right lobe becomes larger, left lobe undergoes some degeneration
  • Liver fills most of the abdominal cavity
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18
Q

Liver, Gallbladder and Bile Duct System- oxygenated blood/ nutrients are delivered via?
- 2 branches?

A
  • umbilical vein, which has two branches
  • Intrahepatic part of umbilical vein joins left portal vein (ligamentum teres)
  • Ductus venosus flows into IVC (ligamentum venosum)
19
Q

Ligamentum venosum and teres can become recanalized as?

A

collaterals in portal hypertension

20
Q

what is the spleen?

A
  • intraperitoneal

- lymphatic organ

21
Q

what does the spleen form from?

A
  • mesenchymal cells

- mesodermal

22
Q

How does the spleen develop?

A

cells differentiate to form the:

  • splenic pulp
  • supportive connective tissue
  • capsule pulp
23
Q

spleen- what does while pulp consist of?

A
  • lymphatic tissue (lymphocytes and macrophanges)
24
Q

spleen- what does red pulp consist of?

A
  • vascular sinuses that are capable of storing morse than 300ml of blood
25
Q

What does the pancreas develop from?

A
  • ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds

- mainly derived from the dorsal pancreatic bud

26
Q

What pancreatic bud appears first?

A

dorsal pancreatic bud

27
Q

where does the ventral pancreatic bud develop?

A

near the entry of the bile duct to the duodenum

28
Q

ventral bud forms?

dorsal bud forms?

A

ventral bud - uncinate process/head

dorsal bud- body/tail

29
Q

what forms the main panc. duct of wirsung?

A
  • ventral and dorsal buds fuse, the duct system fuses
30
Q

Development of the renal tract?

A
  • the development of the urinary and genital systems are intimately related
  • The ducts from the urinary system go on to be incorporated into the genital system
  • Occurs in 3rd week of fetal development
31
Q

kidneys begin to form from?

A
  • mesoderm
32
Q

what three sets of excretory organs develop in an embryo in a cranial to caudal progression?

A
  1. pronephros
  2. medonephros
  3. metanephros
33
Q

pronephros?

A

rudimentary non-functioning

34
Q

mesonephros?

A

well developed and functions briefly

35
Q

metanephros?

A

becomes permanent kidneys

36
Q

what becomes the permanent kidney?

A

metanephros

37
Q

Renal tract 4th week?

  • pronephros
  • mesonephros
A

The Pronephros:
-degenerates rapidly, leaving a duct to be used by the next kidney

The Mesonephros:

  • forms caudad to the pronephros
  • provides partial function while permanent kidneys continue to develop
  • by the end of the embryonic period, the mesonephros → the mesonephric ducts/ Wolffian ducts (male genital structures), disappear in females
38
Q

rental tract 5th week?

  • metanephros
  • nephrons
A

The Metanephros:

  • appears as ureteric buds
  • distal end forms the pelvis, calyces, collecting tubules
  • proximal portion forms the ureters

Nephrons form from the mesoderm around the buds.

39
Q

at first how does the permanent kidney lie?

A
  • close to each other in the pelvis

- as abdomen grows the kidneys move cranially until they come in contact with the adrenal glands

40
Q

What 2 parts do the adrenal glands consist of?

A
  • medulla

- cortex

41
Q

adrenal gland- medulla?

A
  • developed from neural crest cells (sympathetic)

- Adrenal medullary pathology may appear along the sympathetic neurons at the celiac axis

42
Q

Adrenal glands cortex?

A
  • derived from gonadal mesoderm

- Ectopic adrenocortical tissue along the gonadal migration path

43
Q

adrenal gland develop from?

A
  • different embryonic tissues

- form 2 different anatomical and functional structures within one endocrine gland

CNIH (69 decks)

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