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CNIH > peds- kidneys pt 2 > Flashcards

peds- kidneys pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Cystic kidney diseases?

A
  1. Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
  2. ARPKD
  3. ADPKD
  4. Medullary Cystic Disease
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2
Q

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney cause?

A
  • ureteral obstruction in utero
  • as a result terminal tubules become cysts
  • kidney loses function
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3
Q

sono apperance Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney?

A
  • large mass at birth
  • bunch of grapes appearance
  • cysts do not communicate
  • one or multiple cysts
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4
Q

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney treatment?

A
  • surgical removal

- follow up

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5
Q

Infantile PKD?

A
  • Symmetrically enlarged kidneys

- Cysts are microscopic (tubular dilatation)

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6
Q

sono feature of PKD?

A
  • Large kidneys
  • Diffusely echogenic
  • Poor cortico-medullary-sinus differentiation
  • Associated with hepatic fibrosis
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7
Q

adult PKD?

A
  • may occur in neonates
  • 0.1- 5mm in size
  • kidney size increases
  • affects one or both kidneys
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8
Q

where might PKD be found?

A
  • liver
  • panc.
  • lungs
  • spleen
  • gonads
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9
Q

2 medullary cystic diseases?

A
  1. medullary sponge kidney

2. juvenile nephronophthisis

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10
Q

medullary sponge kidney?

A
  • echogenic pyramids caused by calcium deposits
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11
Q

4 Neoplasms of the Kidney?

A

Wilms Tumor
Nephroblastomatosis
Mesoblastic Nephroma
Angiomyolipoma

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12
Q

Three important things to determine when scanning abdominal mass?

A
  1. origin of mass
  2. extent of mass
  3. metastases
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13
Q

most common malignant renal tumor in pediatric patients?

A

wilms tumor

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14
Q

wilms tumor aka?

A

nephroblastoma

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15
Q

wilms tumor is most common in what age group?

A

3-4 years old

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16
Q

wilms tumor presentation?

A
  • invades retroperitoneal, renal veins, IVC
  • mets to liver and lungs
  • may be bilateral
17
Q

wilm’s tumor clinical signs?

A
  • palpable mass
  • pain
  • fever
  • malaise
  • weight loss
  • hematuria
  • hypertension
18
Q

Wims tumor sono apperance?

A
  • large
  • well-circumscribed
  • homogeneous
  • anechoic/cystic spaces (from necrosis/hemorrhage)
19
Q

what is Nephroblastomatosis?

A
  • Premalignant
  • Precursor to Wilms tumor
  • often found in patients with Wilms tumor
20
Q

Nephroblastomatosis sono apperance?

A

Masses may be hypo, anechoic, or isoechoic

Detectable only if they alter renal contour or distort collecting system

21
Q

What is Mesoblastic Nephroma?

A
  • Benign
  • composed of connective tissue
  • aka benign Wilms Tumor
  • Affects neonates
  • Diagnosed prenatally
22
Q

Mesoblastic Nephroma sono features?

A
  • Can replace most of the parenchyma
  • Resembles Wilms tumor
  • Homogeneous or
  • Heterogeneous with central areas of necrosis and hemorrhage
23
Q

what is a Angiomyolipoma?

A
  • benign hamartoma

- vessels-muscle-fat

24
Q

Angiomyolipoma clinical presentation?

A
  • associated with tuberous sclerosis
  • TS patients present with seizures
  • red papular rash over nose/ cheaks
25
Q

sono apperance Angiomyolipoma?

A
  • masses in renal cortex
  • homogeneous
  • hyperechoic
  • with TS typically bilateral
26
Q

acquired pathology of kidneys (3)

A
  1. pyelonephritis
  2. nephrolithiasis
  3. nephrocalcinosis
27
Q

Pyelonephritis? on ultrasound

A
  • enlargement of kidneys

- u/s is not sensitive for detection of acute inflammatory changes in renal cortex

27
Q

Pyelonephritis? on ultrasound

A
  • enlargement of kidneys

- u/s is not sensitive for detection of acute inflammatory changes in renal cortex

28
Q

renal stones?

A
  • uncommon in children
29
Q

renal stones causes? (3)

A
  1. Urinary tract infection
  2. Structural abnormalities
  3. Metabolic abnormalities
30
Q

renal stones imaging?

A
  • ultrasound used with plain radiography

- ureteric stones may be missed on US

31
Q

what is Nephrocalcinosis?

A
  • Deposit of Ca2+ in the kidney
  • affects both kidneys
  • focal increases in echogenicity in the renal pyramids

CNIH (69 decks)

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