MSK- hip pathology

Question 1

What is snapping hip syndrome?

Answer 1

• AKA coxa saltans and dancers hip
• audible clicking sound heard with movement of the hip
• hip tendon or muscle sliding across the bone

Question 2

what causes the clicking sound in snapping hip syndrome?

Answer 2

• repatitive use resulting in the tendons becoming inflamed

Question 3

3 main types of snapping hip syndrome?

Answer 3

1. internal
2. external
3. intra-articular

Question 4

internal snapping hip syndrome?

Answer 4

• Occurs when the iliopsoas tendon slides over the pelvic bone at
  the front of the hip joint
• When the quadriceps muscle moves over the ball portion of the
  hips ball and socket joint.

Question 5

external snapping hip syndrome?

Answer 5

Occurs when the iliotibial band slides over the top of the femur (the greater trochanter).

Question 6

Intra-Articular snapping hip syndrome?

Answer 6

• Caused by articular cartilage injury, acetabular labral tear, broken
  bone fragments of loose tissue becoming trapped in the ball and
  socket joint.
• Occur suddenly from trauma and injury

Question 7

what is a labral tear?

Answer 7

• Tear of the labrum
• Ring of cartilage that lines the acetabulum
• Labrum tears and pulls away from the socket

Question 8

What can cause a Labral Tear?

Answer 8

• trauma

- structural abnormalities

Question 9

Paralabral cysts location?

Answer 9

in the anterior labrum of the hip joint

Question 10

Paralabral cysts location?

Answer 10

in the anterior labrum of the hip joint

Question 11

ischial bursitis?

Answer 11

• enlarged bursa with mixed echogenicity

- hypervascularity in the bursa wall

Question 12

Developmental dysplasia of the hip risk factors?

Answer 12

• female
• family history
• breech presentation
• oilgohyramnios

Question 13

Developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Answer 13

• Ultrasound is the test of choice in the infant (<6 months) as the proximal femoral epiphysis has not yet significantly ossified
• advantage of being a real time dynamic examination allowing the stability of the hip to be assessed with stress views

Question 14

Developmental dysplasia of the hip U/S assessment?

Answer 14

• alpha angle
• beta angle
• bony coverage

Question 15

alpha angle?

Answer 15

• Angle formed by the acetabular roof to the vertical cortex of the ilium
• This is a similar measurement as that of the acetabular angle
• The normal value is greater than or equal to 60 degrees.

Question 16

beta angle?

Answer 16

• Angle formed between the vertical cortex of the ilium and the triangular labral fibrocartilage (echogenic triangle)
• The normal value is less than 77 degrees
• only useful in assessing immature hips when combined with the alpha angle

Question 17

what is bony coverage?

Answer 17

The percentage of the femoral epiphysis covered by the acetabular roof. A value of greater than 58% is considered normal

Question 18

What does the hip joint use to deepen its socket?

Answer 18

acetabular labrum

Question 19

3 Hamstrings?

Answer 19

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus