MSK- knee anatomy Flashcards
does the femur articulate with the fibula?
NO, the femur never articulates with the fibula
What is the largest and most complicated join in the body?
the knee joint
what does the knee consist of?
3 joints within a single synovial cavity
what 3 joints does the knee contain?
- medial condylar joint
- lateral condylar joint
- patellofemoral joint
what is the medial condylar joint?
Between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia
where is the lateral condylar joint located?
between the lateral condyle or the femur and the lateral condyle of the tibia
where is the patellofemoral joint located?
between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur
is the fibula directly involved in the joint?
no
what is one of the most frequently injured joints in the body?
knee joint
what kind of joint is the knee joint?
synovial hinge joint
what movements does the knee joint make?
- mainly flexes and extends
- it has a rotational component
function of the parellofemoral joint?
- articulation between the patella and femur
- main job is to increase the mechanical advantage of the quad muscle and protect the knee joint
what is the intercondylar eminence?
- double pointed prominence on the proximal surface of the tibial plateau
where is the medial and lateral condyle of the tibia located?
proximal end of the bone just below the tibial plateau
where is the tibial plateau located?
- what 3 things does it include?
proximal end including the medial and lateral condyles and intercondylar eminance
where is the tibial tuberosity located?
- what attaches to it?
large projection at the proxial end and anteror side where the patellar tendon attaches
what is the patella?
- what does it sit within?
triangular shaped seasmoid bone within the quadriceps tendon
what is the crucuate ligament?
- within the joint capsule
- the cross
- intracapsular ligaments
- names for their attachments
anterior crucuate ligament location?
- attaches to the anterior side of the tibia just medial to the medial meniscus
- attaches to the posterior side of the femur
anterior cruciate ligament function?
prevents anterior translation of the tibia on the femur
posterior cruciate ligament location?
- attaches to the posterior side of the tibia.
- attaches to the anterior femur
posterior cruciate ligament function?
prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur
Medial Collateral Ligament location?
- what is it attached to?
attached to the tibia and femur on the medial side of the knee joint.
attached to the medial meniscus, so injury to one can result in injury to both.
Lateral Collateral Ligament location?
- attached from the femur to the fibula on the lateral side of the knee
- Shorter and stronger than the MCL
deep layer of the MCL in continuous with?
medial meniscus
what are the 2 most commonly torn ligaments of the knee?
MCL and ACL
Biceps tendon and LCL relationship?
they share a common insertion onto head of fibula
the LCL is seperated from the lateral meniscus by what?
popliteal tendon
what is the meniscus?
medial and lateral meniscus are two half moon, wedge shaped fibrocartilage located on the superior tibia
function if meniscus?
provide shock absorption in the knee
what meniscus is more often torn?
medial
what is the best imaging modality for menisci damage?
MRI
when imaging the menisci what should you always do?
move the trx focal zones deeper
capsule of the knee location?
- surrounds the sides and posterior aspect of the joint
- on the frontal side the capsule is absent
On the side of the patella the capsule in strengthened by what?
the tendons of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis
what is the popliteal space?
area behind the knee that contains important nerves and blood vessels
what make up the diamond shaped border of the popliteal space? (2 muscles)
- hamstrings
- gastronemius
what is the Pes Anserine muscle group made up of?
Sartorius, Gracilis and semiTendinosus (SGT)
where does the Pes Anserine muscle group come from?
posterior to medial anterior knee, there is a bursa under the insertion
what are the 5 knee extensors?
- quadraceps femoris
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
- Vastus medialis
what is the quadraceps femoris?
the only extensors of the lower leg at the knee
what is the only quad with orgion on pelvis?
rectus femoris
what are the knee extensors antagonized by?
hamstrings
what is the vastus laterals?
- knee muscle
- spans the quad laterally, starts on the linea aspera and joins with the others at the patellar tendon
what is the vastus intermedialis?
- location
- arises from
- blends with
- function
- deep to the rectus femoris
- arises from the anterior surface of the femur
- blends with the other vasti muscles along its length
- All extend the knee, only the rectus flexes the hip
rectus femoris?
originates on inferior illiac spine and decends down the center of the thigh, most superficial muscle of quad
what is the most superifical muscle of the quad?
rectus femoris
Vastus medialis?
comes from the linea aspera and spans the thigh medially and joins with quads at patellar tendon
Semitendinosus muscle?
longer and narrower distal tendon that moves to the anterior tibia with the grasillis and sartoris after spanning the posterior medial thigh
Semimembranosus muscle?
runs down medial side of the thigh deep to the semitendinosus muscle and attaches to the medial condyle of tibia
Biceps Femoris?
- has two head and runs down the thigh laterally on the posterior side
- The long head starts of the ischial tuberosity, the short head on the linea aspera
Popliteus function?
muscle responsible for unlocking the knee or initiating knee flexion
popliteus location?
- deep to?
on the posterior side of the knee in the poplitial space deep to the gastrocnemius
muscles that produce flexion? (6)
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- gracilis
- sartorius
- popliteus
flexion is limited by what?
the contact of the back of the leg with the thigh
extension muscle?
quadriceps femoris
extension is limited by?
the tension of all the ligaments of the joint
medial rotation muscles?
- sartorius
- gracilia
- semiendinosus
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI scan)?
- Using high-energy magnetic waves, an MRI scanner creates highly detailed images of the knee and leg
- An MRI scan is the most-often used method of detecting ligament and meniscal injuries
Arthrocentesis of the knee(joint aspiration)?
- A needle is inserted into the joint space inside the knee, and fluid is drawn out.
- Various forms of arthritis may be diagnosed through knee arthrocentesis.
what is the shorter and stronger cruciate ligament?
