MSK- knee anatomy

Question 1

does the femur articulate with the fibula?

Answer 1

NO, the femur never articulates with the fibula

Question 2

What is the largest and most complicated join in the body?

Answer 2

the knee joint

Question 3

what does the knee consist of?

Answer 3

3 joints within a single synovial cavity

Question 4

what 3 joints does the knee contain?

Answer 4

1. medial condylar joint
2. lateral condylar joint
3. patellofemoral joint

Question 5

what is the medial condylar joint?

Answer 5

Between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia

Question 6

where is the lateral condylar joint located?

Answer 6

between the lateral condyle or the femur and the lateral condyle of the tibia

Question 7

where is the patellofemoral joint located?

Answer 7

between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur

Question 8

is the fibula directly involved in the joint?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

what is one of the most frequently injured joints in the body?

Answer 9

knee joint

Question 10

what kind of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 10

synovial hinge joint

Question 11

what movements does the knee joint make?

Answer 11

• mainly flexes and extends

- it has a rotational component

Question 12

function of the parellofemoral joint?

Answer 12

• articulation between the patella and femur

- main job is to increase the mechanical advantage of the quad muscle and protect the knee joint

Question 13

what is the intercondylar eminence?

Answer 13

• double pointed prominence on the proximal surface of the tibial plateau

Question 14

where is the medial and lateral condyle of the tibia located?

Answer 14

proximal end of the bone just below the tibial plateau

Question 15

where is the tibial plateau located?

- what 3 things does it include?

Answer 15

proximal end including the medial and lateral condyles and intercondylar eminance

Question 16

where is the tibial tuberosity located?

- what attaches to it?

Answer 16

large projection at the proxial end and anteror side where the patellar tendon attaches

Question 17

what is the patella?

- what does it sit within?

Answer 17

triangular shaped seasmoid bone within the quadriceps tendon

Question 18

what is the crucuate ligament?

Answer 18

• within the joint capsule
• the cross
• intracapsular ligaments
• names for their attachments

Question 19

anterior crucuate ligament location?

Answer 19

• attaches to the anterior side of the tibia just medial to the medial meniscus
• attaches to the posterior side of the femur

Question 20

anterior cruciate ligament function?

Answer 20

prevents anterior translation of the tibia on the femur

Question 21

posterior cruciate ligament location?

Answer 21

• attaches to the posterior side of the tibia.

- attaches to the anterior femur

Question 22

posterior cruciate ligament function?

Answer 22

prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur

Question 23

Medial Collateral Ligament location?

- what is it attached to?

Answer 23

attached to the tibia and femur on the medial side of the knee joint.
attached to the medial meniscus, so injury to one can result in injury to both.

Question 24

Lateral Collateral Ligament location?

Answer 24

• attached from the femur to the fibula on the lateral side of the knee
• Shorter and stronger than the MCL

Question 25

deep layer of the MCL in continuous with?

Answer 25

medial meniscus

Question 26

what are the 2 most commonly torn ligaments of the knee?

Answer 26

MCL and ACL

Question 27

Biceps tendon and LCL relationship?

Answer 27

they share a common insertion onto head of fibula

Question 28

the LCL is seperated from the lateral meniscus by what?

Answer 28

popliteal tendon

Question 29

what is the meniscus?

Answer 29

medial and lateral meniscus are two half moon, wedge shaped fibrocartilage located on the superior tibia

Question 30

function if meniscus?

Answer 30

provide shock absorption in the knee

Question 31

what meniscus is more often torn?

Answer 31

medial

Question 32

what is the best imaging modality for menisci damage?

Answer 32

MRI

Question 33

when imaging the menisci what should you always do?

Answer 33

move the trx focal zones deeper

Question 34

capsule of the knee location?

Answer 34

- surrounds the sides and posterior aspect of the joint | - on the frontal side the capsule is absent

Question 35

On the side of the patella the capsule in strengthened by what?

Answer 35

the tendons of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis

Question 36

what is the popliteal space?

Answer 36

area behind the knee that contains important nerves and blood vessels

Question 37

what make up the diamond shaped border of the popliteal space? (2 muscles)

Answer 37

- hamstrings | - gastronemius

Question 38

what is the Pes Anserine muscle group made up of?

Answer 38

Sartorius, Gracilis and semiTendinosus (SGT)

Question 39

where does the Pes Anserine muscle group come from?

Answer 39

posterior to medial anterior knee, there is a bursa under the insertion

Question 40

what are the 5 knee extensors?

Answer 40

- quadraceps femoris - Rectus femoris - Vastus lateralis - Vastus intermedius - Vastus medialis

Question 41

what is the quadraceps femoris?

Answer 41

the only extensors of the lower leg at the knee

Question 42

what is the only quad with orgion on pelvis?

Answer 42

rectus femoris

Question 43

what are the knee extensors antagonized by?

Answer 43

hamstrings

Question 44

what is the vastus laterals?

Answer 44

- knee muscle | - spans the quad laterally, starts on the linea aspera and joins with the others at the patellar tendon

Question 45

what is the vastus intermedialis? - location - arises from - blends with - function

Answer 45

- deep to the rectus femoris - arises from the anterior surface of the femur - blends with the other vasti muscles along its length - All extend the knee, only the rectus flexes the hip

Question 46

rectus femoris?

Answer 46

originates on inferior illiac spine and decends down the center of the thigh, most superficial muscle of quad

Question 47

what is the most superifical muscle of the quad?

Answer 47

rectus femoris

Question 48

Vastus medialis?

Answer 48

comes from the linea aspera and spans the thigh medially and joins with quads at patellar tendon

Question 49

Semitendinosus muscle?

Answer 49

longer and narrower distal tendon that moves to the anterior tibia with the grasillis and sartoris after spanning the posterior medial thigh

Question 50

Semimembranosus muscle?

Answer 50

runs down medial side of the thigh deep to the semitendinosus muscle and attaches to the medial condyle of tibia

Question 51

Biceps Femoris?

Answer 51

- has two head and runs down the thigh laterally on the posterior side - The long head starts of the ischial tuberosity, the short head on the linea aspera

Question 52

Popliteus function?

Answer 52

muscle responsible for unlocking the knee or initiating knee flexion

Question 53

popliteus location? | - deep to?

Answer 53

on the posterior side of the knee in the poplitial space deep to the gastrocnemius

Question 54

muscles that produce flexion? (6)

Answer 54

- biceps femoris - semitendinosus - semimembranosus - gracilis - sartorius - popliteus

Question 55

flexion is limited by what?

Answer 55

the contact of the back of the leg with the thigh

Question 56

extension muscle?

Answer 56

quadriceps femoris

Question 57

extension is limited by?

Answer 57

the tension of all the ligaments of the joint

Question 58

medial rotation muscles?

Answer 58

- sartorius - gracilia - semiendinosus

Question 59

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan)?

Answer 59

- Using high-energy magnetic waves, an MRI scanner creates highly detailed images of the knee and leg - An MRI scan is the most-often used method of detecting ligament and meniscal injuries

Question 60

Arthrocentesis of the knee (joint aspiration)?

Answer 60

- A needle is inserted into the joint space inside the knee, and fluid is drawn out. - Various forms of arthritis may be diagnosed through knee arthrocentesis.

Question 61

what is the shorter and stronger cruciate ligament?