abdo- abdominal wall

Question 1

5 pairs of muscles from the abdominal wall. From the surface inwards?

Answer 1

• rectus abdominis
• external oblique
• internal oblique
• transverse abdominis
• quadratus lumborum

Question 2

anterior abdominal wall is divided longitudinally by a very strong midline tendinous cord, called?

Answer 2

Linea alba

Question 3

where does the linea alba extend from?

Answer 3

• the xiphoid process or the sternum to the symphysis pubis

Question 4

the linea semilunaris is an anatomical feature of what muscle?

Answer 4

rectus abdominis

Question 5

what is the semilunaris?

Answer 5

• vertical line indicated the lateral or outside border or the rectus abdominis where is meets the external and internal oblique muscles on either side

Question 6

what is the most superficial muscle of the abdominal wall?

Answer 6

rectus abdominis

Question 7

characteristics of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 7

• broad and flat

Question 8

where does the rectus abdominis originate?

Answer 8

• from the transverse part of the pubic bone

- passing upwards to be inserted into the lower ribs and the xiphoid process of the sternum

Question 9

where is the external oblique located?

Answer 9

• extends from the lower ribs downwards and forward to be inserted into the iliac crease and aponeurosis, to linea alba

Question 10

what is aponeurosis?

Answer 10

• sheet of pearly- white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in a sheetlike muscles have a wide area of attachment

Question 11

where is the internal oblique located?

Answer 11

• arise from the iliac crest and by a broad band of fascia from spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae
• fibres pass upwards toward the midline to be inserted into the lower ribs and by an aponeurosis into the linea alba

Question 12

deepest muscle of the abdominal wall?

Answer 12

transversus abdominis

Question 13

internal oblique fibers are at a right angle to what muscle?

Answer 13

external oblique

Question 14

fibres or the transversus abdominis are at right angles to those of?

Answer 14

rectus abdominis

Question 15

where do ventral hernias commonly occur?

Answer 15

• along the midline of the abdominal wall

Question 16

where do umbilical hernias typically occur?

Answer 16

beneath or near the navel

Question 17

what is the most common type of ventral hernia?

Answer 17

umbilical hernia

Question 18

Answer 18

ventral hernias

Question 19

spigelian hernia develops through?

Answer 19

spigelian fascia

Question 20

spigelian hernia occurs where?

Answer 20

between the muscles found in the abdominal wall

Question 21

spigelian hernias begin where?

Answer 21

• somewhere along the linea semilunaris

- rare and develops toward the side of the abdominal wall

Question 22

Answer 22

spigelian hernia

Question 23

Answer 23

abscess

Question 24

abscesses can be indistinguishable from?

Answer 24

hematomas

Question 25

hematomas results from?

Answer 25

• secondary to trauma or percutaneous intervention

- occur spontaneously in patients with coasgulopathies

Question 26

appearance of hematomas on u/s?

Answer 26

• varies with age
• acute hematoma: hypoechoic fluid collections
• becoming mixed echogenicity masses with time
• fluid-filled levels may be seen as they undergo liquefaction

Question 27

Answer 27

hematoma

Question 28

groin lipoma may mimic?

Answer 28

a hernia

Question 29

Answer 29

Lipoma