Various Tumour Types (REVISE EASY) Flashcards
Lymphoma
Neoplastic proliferations of lymphoid cells of various types,
Mainly solid
Leukaemia
neoplastic proliferations of the cells (mainly blood white cells and their precursors) of the haemopoietic bone marrow
Mainly liquid
Two main types of lymphomas
Hodgkin’s Disease & Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Most common type of non-hodgkins lymphoma
Lymphocytic lymphomas
Lymphadenopathy
Lymph Node enlargement, localised or general
Most common clinical presentation of lymphoma
Lymphadenopathy
Less common clinical presentations of lymphoma
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly or bone marrow infiltration (Marrow replacement with haematological consequences)
Types of Hodgkin’s disease and their prognosis
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant hodgkin’s (Good)
Classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma:
- Lymphocyte rich Hodgkin’s (Good)
- Mixed cellularity Hodgkin’s (In between)
- Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin’s (In between)
- Lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin’s (Bad)
REVISE BEGINNING BRIEFLY ITS EASY
Reed-Sternberg cells
Neoplastic cell in classical hogkin’s disease, present with lymphocytes, eosinophils & fibroblasts
What makes up a lymphoma
Differing proportions of Reed-Sternberg cells and lymphocytes (the more lymphocyte proportion, the better the prognosis)
Grossly Oversimplified Classification of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
** DOESN’T HAVE ANY HODGKINS CELLS
B/T Cell Lymphoma - Low Grade (Good)
B/T Cell Lymphoma - High Grade (Bad)
Which is worse, B cell or T cell lymphoma
T cell lymphomas are worse because it is more invasive
Myeloma
Tumour of mature plasma cells.
It presents with bone tumours, osteolytic, painful, but with interesting systemic effects
Can affect teeth
Amyloid
Fluid that is made by the immune system in response to a myeloma
Usually a pinkish fluid I think
What is the most common primary tumour of the brain derived from
Glial Cells (Support cells around neurons)
- Astrocyte
- Oligodendrocytes
- Ependymal Cells
Astrocytomas are the most common
Discuss the metastatic properties of astrocytomas
All astrocytomas behave in a malignant manner, by local invasion, but do not metastasize
Astrocytoma Grade
1-4
1 is good prognosis
4 is bad
Embryonal tumors
Derived from embryonic remnants of primitive ‘blast’ tissue
Mainly common in young children
Sensitive to chemotherapy which has revolutionised a formerly fatal disease
Discuss the malignancy of Embryonal tumors
Highly malignant
How are embryonal tumors spread
Spread early and widely by lymphatics and veins
Nephroblastoma
In kidney, most common embryonal tumour
Neuroblastoma
In adrenal gland, derived from primitive adrenal medullary precursors (neuroblasts)
Second most common embryonal tumour
Rarer embryonal tumours
Retinoblastoma - retina; often bilateral; genetic basis.
Medulloblastoma - cerebellum
Hepatoblastoma - liver
