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Medicine 2 Week 6 - 11 > Upper Limb 1 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two ends of the clavicle referred to as

A

Sternal End and Acromial End

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2
Q

Which is more lateral, the acromion or the coracoid process

A

The acromion is more lateral and the coracoid process is more medial

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3
Q

Which is more medial, the lesser or greater tubercle of the humerus

A

The lesser tubercle is more medial

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4
Q

What is the supraspinous fossa

A

Look at superior margin of left scapula (It is the depression on the superior border of the posterior scapula)

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5
Q

What part of the humerus articulates with the scapula

A

The head of the humerus

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6
Q

Anatomical vs Surgical necks of Humerus

A

The anatomical neck is the part between the head and the tuberosities
The surgical neck is the part between the tuberosities and the shaft

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7
Q

What is the name of the space between the two tuberosities of the humerus

A

Intertubercular sulcus/bicipital groove

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8
Q

What is the suprascapular notch

A

A tiny groove between the superior border of the scapula and coracoid process

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9
Q

Subscapular Fossa

A
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10
Q

Infraspinous Fossa

A

On the posterior side of the scapula

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11
Q

Coronoid Fossa

A
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12
Q

Where is the deltoid tuberosity located

A

About halfway down the anterolateral surface of the humerus

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13
Q

Which protrudes more, the medial or lateral epicondyles?

A

Medial Epicondyle

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14
Q

What is the majority of the humerus referred to as

A

Shaft

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15
Q

Which is more medial, the trochlea or the capitulum

A

The trochlea is more medial

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16
Q

What articulates with the trochlea and what articulates with the capitulum

A

Trochlea - Ulna

Capitulum - Radius

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17
Q

What bone(s) articulates with the carpal bones

A

The Radius does articulate but the ulna does not

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18
Q

Bones at the base of the hand

A

Carpal Bones

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19
Q

What bones are directly distal to the bones at the base of the hand

A

Metacarpal bones

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20
Q

What group of bones (3) are the most distal of the hand

A

Phalanges (proximal, middle and distal)

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21
Q

What are the bones of the thumb referred to as

A

Proximal Phalanx and Distal Phalanx

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22
Q

Styloid process general meaning

A

A slender projection of bone

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23
Q

Where is the Glenoid Fossa

A

Lateral border of the scapula

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24
Q

Where is the supraglenoid tubercle located relative to the coracoid process

A

Posterior to the base

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25
Where is the infraglenoid tubercle locates relative to the lateral border of the scapula
Inferior
26
Where do the two heads of the biceps brachii articulate
Short Head - Apex of Coracoid Process | Long Head - Supraglenoid Tubercle of scapula
27
Which is more medial - the long or short head of the biceps brachii
The short head is more medial
28
Describe the path of the musculocutaneous nerve relative to the flexor muscles
Superficial to the brachialis but deep to the biceps brachii
29
To which part of the upper limb does the musculocutaneous nerve provide sensory supply
Lateral aspect of the forearm
30
Three flexors of the arm from superficial to deep
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis (BBC)
31
What nerve provides motor innervation of the flexors of the arm
Musculocutaneous Nerve
32
Origin of coracobrachialis
Coracoid process of scapula (think of name)
33
Insertion of coracobrachialis
Anteromedial surface of humeral shaft
34
What is the axillary artery referred to as when it goes into the upper arm
Brachial Artery
35
What are the two main arteries of the forearm
Ulnar and Radial Arteries
36
Name the 3 heads of the triceps brachii
Medial Head Lateral Head Long Head
37
Origins of the triceps brachii heads
Long Head - Infraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula Medial Head - Posterior surface of humerus (inferior to radial groove) Lateral Head - Posterior surface of humerus (superior to radial groove)
38
Olecranon
Proximal Tip of Ulna
39
Insertion of triceps brachii
Olecranon of Ulna and Fascia of Forearm
40
Which nerve supplies the motor innervation of the triceps brachii
Radial Nerve
41
Teres Major
42
Origin of Teres Major
Inferior Angle of lateral border of scapula
43
Insertion point of teres major
Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
44
What nerve innervates the teres major and which cord does it come from
Lower subscapular nerve - from posterior cord of brachial plexus
45
Latissimus Dorsi
46
Where does the latissimus dorsi insert
Intertubercular sulcus between pec major and teres major muscles ** Lady between two majors
47
What nerve innervates the Lattisimus Dorsi and which cord does it come from
Thoracodorsal Nerve - from posterior cord of brachial plexus
48
Radial Groove
Broad shallow depression on posterior humeral shaft for the radial nerve and deep brchial artery
49
Anconeus
Small triangular muscle of tarm located at posterior aspect of elbow
50
Origin of anconeus
Lateral Epicondyle
51
Insertion point of anconeus
Lateral surface of olecranon
52
Insertion point of anconeus
Lateral surface of olecranon
53
Innervation of Anconeus muscle
Radial Nerve
54
Relation of ulnar nerve to medial epicondyle
Superficial (this nerve is the 'funny bone')
55
Which flexor of the arm provides the greatest amount of flexion force
Brachialis
56
What do the biceps and brachialis do that the coracobrachialis does not
The coracobrachialis will flex & adduct the arm but not the forearm, unlike the other two muscles I think
57
When is the biceps more powerful
When the elbow approaches 90 degrees
58
Boundaries of Cubital Fossa
Superior - Imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles Medial - Pronator Teres Muscle Lateral - Brachioradialis Muscle
59
Clinical Significance of Cubital Fossa Surface Anatomy
Blood transfusion from median cubital vein
60
Arteriovenous fistula for haemodialysis
Order of preference Radial Artery - Cephalic Vein Brachiocephalic Insertions Brachiobasilic Insertions
61
Contents of Cubital Fossa
Terminal part of brachial artery Start of radial & Ulnar Arteries Meduan & Radial Nerves - both superficial and superficial branches
62
Superficial Wrist Muscles of Anterior compartment of forearm
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) | Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)
63
Superficial Extrinsic Hand Muscles of Anterior compartment of forearm
Palmaris Longus | Flexor Digitalis Superficialis (FDS)
64
Superficial Forearm Rotator Muscles of Anterior compartment of forearm
Only Pronator Teres
65
Deep Extrinsic Hand Muscles of Anterior compartment of forearm
Flexor Digitalis Profundus (FDP) | Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)
66
Deep Forearm Rotator Muscles of Anterior compartment of forearm
Only pronator quadratus
67
Elbow Joint Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Forearm
Brachioradialis
68
Wrist Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Forearm
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL) | Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)
69
Superficial Wrist Muscles of Dorsal Compartment of Forearm
Only Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)
70
Superficial Elbow Joint Muscles of Dorsal Compartment of Forearm
Only Anconeus
71
Superficial Extrinsic Hand Muscles of Dorsal Compartment of Forearm
Extensor Digitorum Communis (EDC) | Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM)
72
Deep Forearm Rotator Muscles of Dorsal Compartment of Forearm
Only Supinator
73
Deep Extrinsic Hand Muscles of Dorsal Compartment of Forearm
Thumb Extenders/Abductors: Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL) Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB) Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL) Extensor indices proprius (EIP)
74
Which muscles mostly originate from the medial and which from the lateral epicondyle
Lateral Epicondyle - Extensors & Supinator Medial Epicondyle - Flexors & Pronator Teres **THINK MEDIAL - FLEXOR (MOTHER FUCKER)
75
What causes tenderness & pain at an epicondyle
Overuse of the specific muscle group (e.g. extensors at lateral epicondyles) Chronically this gives epicondylitis and diseases like tennis elbow & golfers elbow
76
Most Commonly Affected Flexor Muscle Attachements by Epicondylitis
``` Pronator Teres (Humeral Head) Flexor Carpi Radialis ``` **I THINK
77
Most Commonly Affected Extensor Muscle Attachements by Epicondylitis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis **I THINK
78
Superficial Layer Flexor Muscles of the Forearm
Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
79
Intermediate Layer Flexor Muscles of the Forearm
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
80
Deep Layer Flexor Muscles of the Forearm
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Pronator Quadatus
81
Extensor muscles of forearm
Refer to other lecture
82
Compartments of the forearm
**Volar is split into superficial and deep
83
What fascia encloses the muscles of the arm
Circumferential Fascia
84
Movements at wrist
Flexion Extention Radial/Ulnar Deviation Pronation/Supination
85
Wrist Flexors
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris *ALSO DOES DEVIATION
86
Wrist Extendors
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis | ECU
87
Muscles involved in wrist pronation/supination
Pronator Teres Pronator Quadratus Supinator Biceps Brachii
88
Describe the movement of the ulna and radius during pronation
The ulna is kept in place by the annular ligament which circles the radius while not touching it. This allows the radius to freely move over/around the ulna which is kept still as an axis
89
3 Joints at the elbow joint complex
Humeroradial Joint Proximal Radioulnar Joint Humeroulnar Joint
90
What type of joint is the humeroradial joint
Shadow ball & Socket aka hinge/pivot joint
91
What bone anatomy is relevant at the humeroradial joint
Capitulum of Humerus | Radius Head
92
What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint
Hinge Joint
93
What bone anatomy is relevant at the humeroulnar joint
Trochlea of Humerus | Trochlear Notch of Ulna
94
What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint
Pivot Joint
95
What bone anatomy is relevant at the proximal radioulnar joint
Radius Head | Radial Notch of Ulna
96
Which elbow joints are responsible for pro-/supination movements and which for flexion/extension movements
97
FOOSH Injury
Fall on Out-Stretched Hand Most significant cause of upper extremity injury
98
3 Most Common Shoulder Problems
Dislocation Rotator Cuff Injury Frozen Shoulder
99
Frozen Shoulder
The normally flexible elastic joint capsule becomes inflamed and eventually contracted Severely painful & restrictive
100
Which nerve is most commonly injured by shoulder dislocation
Axillary Nerve | think logically; proximity to axilla
101
Simply describe the size relationship between the humeral head (ball) and glenoid fossa (socket) to which it articulates
Head 4x> Socket **HUMERAL HEAD IS MUCH BIGGER THAN GLENOID FOSSA
102
Vaguely state the stability of the elbow joint
It is a very stable joint
103
What type of injury usually causes elbow dislocation
FOOSH Injuries
104
What are the three main mechanisms of injury to the elbow
``` Valgus force (movement of distal forearm/hand laterally) Posterior Translation Posterolateral Rotation (i have no clue) ```
105
When are elbow joint dislocations the most common type of dislocation
Most common dislocation in children but it is the second most common in adults (after shoulder dislocation)
106
What is the most common type of elbow dislocation
Posterior dislocation (Past the trochlea)
107
Most common upper-extremity injury in children
Pulled Elbow/Radial Head Subluxation (Partial dislocation) Typically results from a quick pull on a child's arm when the adult lifts the child by the arm or tries to prevent a fall
108
Sail Sign on X-rays
Joint swelling distending the capsule will lift fat pads and create sail signs Suggests a fracture in one or more of the bones at the elbow
109
Bursae
Closed fluid filled sacs (Like a water balloon) that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues Located next to tendons of large joints like the elbows and shoulders
110
Nerves of the upper limb
Brachial Plexus Terminal Branches Dorsal Scapular Long Thoracic Suprascapular Subclavius Lateral & Medial Pectoral Superior & Inferior subscapular Thoracodorsal
111
What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate
Teres Minor | Deltoid
112
What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate
BBC (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis)
113
What does the radial nerve innervate
Posterior Arm Posterior Forearm Lateral Forearm
114
What does the Median nerve innervate
Anterior Forearm Thenar Muscles Lateral 2 Lumbricals
115
What does the ulnar nerve innervate
Hypothenar | Central Hand
116
Main injury on median nerve
Pronator Syndrome | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
117
Main injury on ulnar nerve
Ulnar neuropathy at elbow | Distal Ulnar neuropathy at Guyon's canal
118
Main injury on radial nerve
Radial Tunnel Syndrome Wartenberg Syndrome Humerus Fracture on Shaft

Medicine 2 Week 6 - 11 (54 decks)

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