Common Benign Tumours

Question 1

Behaviour of Benign vs Malignant Tumours

Answer 1

Benign = Expansile, grows locally

Malignant - Expansile & invasive, may metastasise

Question 2

Differentiation of Benign vs Malignant Tumours

Answer 2

Benign - Resembles cells of origin

Malignant - Failure of differentiation

Question 3

Mitoses of Benign vs Malignant Tumours

Answer 3

Benign - Few

Malignant - Many, atypical

Question 4

N:C Ratio

Answer 4

Benign - Normal/slightly increased

Malignant - High

Question 5

Cellular Features of Benign vs Malignant Cells

Answer 5

Benign - Uniform

Malignant - Pleomorphic

Question 6

Menorrhagia

Answer 6

Menstrual periods with abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding

Question 7

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 7

Painful menstrual periods which are caused by uterine contractions

Question 8

Dyspareunia

Answer 8

Persistent or recurrent genital pain that occurs just before, during or after sex

Question 9

Menarche

Answer 9

First occurrence of menstruation

Question 10

What does calcification on a mammogram indicate

Answer 10

Usually benign but certain patterns of calcifications — such as tight clusters with irregular shapes and fine appearance — may indicate breast cancer or precancerous changes to breast tissue

Question 11

What might unexplained iron deficiency anaemia indicate in an elderly patient

Answer 11

Malignancy

Question 12

Occult Blood in Faeces

Answer 12

Blood that is not visible in faecal matter but comes up during investigation