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Medicine 2 Week 6 - 11 > Upper Limb 2 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many of each type of bone is there in the hand

A

27 Bones

8 Carpal
5 Metacarpal
5 proximal Phalanges
4 Middle Phalanges
5 Distal Phalanges
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2
Q

List the carpal bone

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

She Looks Too Pretty, Try To Catch Her

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3
Q

5 Main Joints of the wrist

A 
Large CMC Joint
Small CMC Joint
Midcarpal Joints
Radiocarpal Joint
Distal Radioulnar Joint

[Ulnocarpal Joint]

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4
Q

TFCC

A

Triangular
Fibrocartilage Complex

Triangular in shape and made up of several ligaments and cartilage

Allows flexibility of wrist

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5
Q

Extrinsic Anterior Hand Muscles

A

Flexor Digiti Superficialis

Flexor Digiti Profundus

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6
Q

Intrinsic Medial Anterior Hand Muscles

A

Abductor Digiti
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Opponens Digiti Minimi

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7
Q

Intrinsic Lateral Anterior Hand Muscles

A

Superficial: Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Deep: Opponens Pollicis

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8
Q

Small subcutaneous anterior hand muscle

A

Palmaris Brevis

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9
Q

Intrinsic Adductor Compartment of Anterior Hand Muscles

A

Adductor Pollicis (Oblique Head at 2, 3 metacarpals & transverse head at ant. shaft of 3 metacarpal)

Attaches to medial side of proximal phalange of thumb

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10
Q

Lumbricals

A

Intrinsic Hand Muscles that flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints

Arises from tendons of FDP to lateral side of distal end of proximal phalanges

Not on Thumb

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11
Q

Palmar Interosseus Muscles

A

Adduct the fingers and assist in flexion of metacarpohalangeal joints/extension of interphalangeal joints

Between metacarpals 2-5
Arising from 2, 3, 5 to bases proximal phalanges & extensor expansions of 2, 4, 5

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12
Q

Which muscles compose the central compartment of the hand muscles

A

Lumbricals

Palmar Interossei

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13
Q

Extrinsic Extensors of the Posterior Hand

A

Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Indicis
Extensor Digiti Minimi

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14
Q

What restricts independent extension of fingers

A

Linking of adjacent tendons by 3 oblique intertendinous connections

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15
Q

Thenar Extensors of the Posterior Hand

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Longus & Brevis

Outcrop muscles that make anatomical snuff box

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16
Q

What does compresion of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel cause

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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17
Q

Volar Hand

A

Palmar Side

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18
Q

Is the median nerve volar or dorsal

A

Volar

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19
Q

Which Carpal Bones define the boundaries of the carpal tunnel

A

Laterally: Scaphoid & Trapezium tubercles
Medially: Pisiform and Hook of Hamate

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20
Q

Role of flexor retinaculum in creating the carpal tunnel

A

Turns the carpal arch into the carpal tunnel by bridging the space between the medial & lateral parts of the arch

It is a thick connective tissue which forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

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21
Q

What nerve is in the carpal tunnel

A

Median Nerve

22
Q

Which tendons are in the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus

23
Q

Function of the Retinacula

A

Fixing the tendons to the wrist

Preventing bow-stringing & sideways sliding

24
Q

Describe the finger pulley system

A

FDS & FDP are closesly fixed t ophalanges by a fibro-osseus tunnel formed by fibrous arches
- Provides biomechanical stability and prevents bowstringing

25
Describe the spread of the FDS & FDP tendons towards the distal phalanges
the FDS tendons split into 2 slips which divide around the FDP tendon and insert into the middle phalanx - Allows FDP tendon to continue to distal phalanx
26
Muscles involved in Extension of Fingers
Extensor digitorum Extensor indicis (Index finger) Extensor digiti minimi (pinkie)
27
Muscles involved in extension of thumb
Extensor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Longus
28
What is a highly sensitive test for scaphoid fracture
Anatomical Snuffbox Tenderness
29
What carpal bones does the radial artery lie on in the anatomical snuff box
Trapezium & Scaphoid
30
Which direction is thumb abduction
Perpendicular/Away from hand anteriorly
31
What movements make up thumb opposition
Simultaneous flexion & adduction
32
Dorsal Interossei
Dorsal Abduction Movement as shown in diagram Origin: Adjacent sides of Metacarpals 2-5 Insertion: 1 & 2 - Base of proximal phalanges/extensor expansions 2, 3 2 & 3 - Base of proximal phalanges/extensor expansions 3, 4
33
2 Main types of grips
Power Grips Precision Grips
34
3 Types of Power Grips
Cylindrical Grip Spherical Grip Hook Grip
35
3 Types of Precision Grips
Tripod Grasp (Pencil) Plate Grip Pinch Grip 1 Finger, Thum
36
Dorsiflexion & Muscles Involved
ECRL ECRB ECU (green)
37
Palmarflexion & Muscles Involved
FCR FCU Palmaris Longus (+ extrinsic finger flexors)
38
Dart-thrower's motion
Combiner palmarflexion & ulnar deviation
39
Radial Deviation & Muscles Involved
``` All radial wrist muscles ECRL ECRB FCR (+ extrinsic thumb muscles) ``` (red)
40
Ulnar Deviation
All ulnar wrist muscles ECU FCU (extensor digiti mini) (blue)
41
Discuss distribution of ulnar & radial arteries in hand
42
What does the median nerve innervate in the hand
Sensory: Lateral 3.5 digits Palm of hand ``` Motor: Flexor muscles (Besdies FCU) and lateral 2 lumbricals ```
43
What does the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand
Sensory Medial half of palm Dorsal surface of medial 1.5 fingers and associates dorsal hand ares ``` Motor Majority of intrinsic hand muscles Hypothenar muscles (FDmB, ADM, ODM) Medial 2 lumbricals Adductor pollicis Palmar & Dorsal Interossei Palmaris brevis ```
44
What does the radial nerve innervate in the hand
Sensory Lateral Aspect of dorsal hand Dorsal surface of lateral proximo aspect 3.5 digits Motor Extensor Muscles
45
Most common carpal bone to dislocate
Lunate
46
Most common carpal bone to fracture
Scaphoid
47
Most commonly injured wrist ligament
Scapholunate Ligament
48
Most common overall fracture
Colle's fracture
49
Why is a scaphoid fracture so serious
Has a high chance of causing avascular necrosis
50
Palsy
Various types of paralysis or paresis, often accompanied by weakness and the loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements such as shaking
51
Role of palmar fascia/aponeurosis
Attachment site of palmaris longus & brevis Protects and separates deeper structures

Medicine 2 Week 6 - 11 (54 decks)

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