Triangles of the Neck

Question 1

Label

Answer 1

1. Pre vertebral Fascia
2. Platsyma
3. Pre-tracheal fascia
4. Investing Layer
5. Sternocleidomastoid
6. Carotid Sheath

Question 2

Platsyma

Answer 2

Very thin layer and quite adherent to skin

Question 3

Sternocleidomastoid and attachments

Answer 3

Origin: Sternum (Manubrium) & Clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid Process of the temporal bone

Question 4

Innervation of Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 4

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Question 5

Relationship of Sternocleidomastoid with rest of neck muscle triangles

Answer 5

Divides anterior and posterior triangles

Question 6

Function of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 6

Flexion of cervical vertibrae, lateral flexion with rotation, extension of head at atalanto-occipital joints

Question 7

Trapezius Muscle

Answer 7

Question 8

Innervation of trapezius

Answer 8

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Question 9

Relationship of trapezius with rest of neck muscle triangles

Answer 9

Posterior border of posterior triangle

Question 10

Posterior triangles of the neck

Answer 10

Occipital Triangle

Omoclavicular/Subclavian Triangle

Question 11

Anterior and posterior border of posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 11

Anterior: Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior: Trapezius Muscle

Question 12

What divides the two posterior triangles

Answer 12

Inferior belly of the omohyoid

Question 13

What muscles make the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 13

Question 14

Levator Scapulae

Answer 14

Elevates scapula

Makes the floor of the posterior triangle

**Not essential to be aware of this one tbh

Question 15

Name the scalene muscles and palpate their locations

Answer 15

Question 16

What forms the Superior, Lateral and Medial borders pf the Anterior Triangle of the Neck

Answer 16

Superior Border: Mandible

Lateral Border: Sternocleidomastoid

Medial Border: Midline

Question 17

What triangle of the neck does the External Jugular Vein enter

Answer 17

Posterior Triangle (Omoclavicular)

Question 18

What anatomical landmarks are structurally significant when inserting a central venous catheter in the neck/chest region?

Answer 18

Sternocleidomastoid
Sternum
Clavicle

Question 19

Anterior Triangles of the Neck

Answer 19

Submental
Submandibular
Muscular
Carotid

Question 20

What muscles make up the Carotid triangle of the neck

Answer 20

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
Omohyoid Superior Belly

Question 21

Components of Carotid Triangle

Answer 21

Muscles

Carotid Sheath

Question 22

Components of Carotid Triangle

Answer 22

Muscles

Carotid Sheath

Question 23

Carotid Sheath Components

Answer 23

Common Carotid Artery
Internal Jugular Vein
Vagus Nerve

Question 24

Submandibular Triangle Boundaries

Answer 24

Mandible
Anterior Belly of Digastric
Posterior Belly of Digastric

Question 25

Components of Submandibular Triangle

Answer 25

``` Lymph Nodes/Salivary Gland Submandibular Gland Hypoglossal Nerve - Helps you move your tongue (CN XII) Vagus Nerve External & Internal Carotid Artery Internal Jugular Vein (Carotid Sheath) Muscles ```

Question 26

Submental Triangle Boundaries

Answer 26

Hyoid Bone | Anterior Bellies of Digastric Left and Right

Question 27

Components of Submental Triangle

Answer 27

Mylohyoid Muscle Facial Artery/Vein Submental Lymph Nodes - Drains tongue/mouth

Question 28

Muscular Triangle Boundaries

Answer 28

Midline Omohyoid Anterior Belly Sternocleidomastoid

Question 29

Components of Muscular Triangle of the Neck

Answer 29

Infrahyoid Muscles

Question 30

Where do the omohyoid heads originate/insert

Answer 30

Inferior belly: superior border of scapula near the suprascapular notch --> Intermediate Tendon Superior belly: Intermediate Tendon --> Body of Hyoid

Question 31

Discuss the lymphatic drainage of the submental & submandibular triangles of the neck

Answer 31

These are our superficial nodes that drain into the deep nodes that drain into the venous system

Question 32

What muscle is superior to the neck lymphatics/Lymph nodes

Answer 32

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 33

Discuss lymphatic drainage into venous system

Answer 33

Both legs, abdomen and left arm are drained through thoracic duct which enters venous system between the L subclavian & L internal jugular veins Right arm, right thorax and right head drain into same location on the right

Question 34

Pancoast Tumour

Answer 34

Tumours that start in apex of lung Usually spreads into/compresses one or more structures of upper thorax/neck **RIGHT SIDE OF PICTURE

Question 35

Where might a pancoast tumour spread

Answer 35

- the upper ribs in the thorax - nerves in the upper thorax and neck - bundles of nerves close to the spinal cord - blood vessels that supply blood to the upper limb