Musculoskeletal Injury Flashcards
What type of injuries are most common sports injuries
Soft tissue injuries
Soft tissue
Tissues that connect, support or surround other structures & organs of the body
Includes muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, nerves, fibrous tissues, fat, blood vessels, bursae and synovial membranes
What happens to the synovial fluid and cartilage in bones during aging and what is the consequence
The synovial fluid decreases and cartilage thins, making joints stiffer and less flexible
Acute injuries (musculoskeletal)
Direct - Caused by an external blow/force
Indirect - Actual injury can occur some distance from the impact site; injury does not result from physical contact but from internal forces built up by actions of performer
Overuse injuries (musculoskeletal)
Exercise applies stress; body adapts by thickening & strengthening various tissues. Thus, muscles get stronger/firmer/larger, tendons get stronger and bone density increases
If exercise occurs in such a way that adaptation cannot occur, excessive overload causes microscopic injuries leading to inflammation - body’s response to injury
Causes of overuse injuries (musculoskeletal)
Training errors Improper technique Excessive training Inadequate rest Muscle weakness & early specialisation
Symptoms of overuse injuries (musculoskeletal)
Gradual onset resulting in athletes going undiagnosed & untreated for longer periods of time
Acute Injuries at Bone
Fracture
Periosteal Contusion
Overuse Injuries at Bone
Stress Fracture
‘Bone Strain;, ‘Stress Reaction’
Osteitis, Periostitis
Apophysitis
Acute Injuries at Articular Cartilage
Osteochondral/chondral fractures
Minor Osteochondral Injury
Overuse Injuries at Articular Cartilage
Chondropathy (e.g. softening, fibrillation, fissuring, chondromalacia)
Acute Injuries at Joints
Dislocation
Subluxation
Overuse Injuries at Joints
Synovitis
Osteoarthritis
Acute Injuries at Ligaments
Sprain/tear
Overuse Injuries at Ligaments
Inflammation
Acute Injuries at Muscles
Strain/Tear
Contusion
Cramp
Acute Compartment Syndrome
What does obesity cause at joints like the knee
Degradation of cartilage as a result of weight and overuse
Intrinsic Risk factors to Sports Injury
Age Sex Body Composition PMH Physical Fitness Anatomy Skill Level Psychological factors (e.g. competitiveness, motivation, perception of risk)
Extrinsic Risk factors to Sports Injury
Sporting factors (contact/non-contact), level of play, position played, coaching, rules, umpire
Protective Equipment
Sports Equipment
Envirionment (Weather, floor, time)
Most common injury in basketball
Lateral Ankle Sprain when foot rolls inwards
Types of Mechanism of Injury (Musculoskeletal)
Blunt or Penetrating Direct/Indirect Trauma Torsion Shearing Hyperextension/flexion (e.g. whiplash)
Signs and Symptoms of Soft Tissue Injury
Tenderness Pain Bruising Swelling Weakness Reduced Range of Movement
**TRY memorise this
Ligament Sprain Grading
Management of Musculoskeletal Injury
POLICE
P - Protect OL - Optimal Loading (Off-loading, then enough to stimulate shit to heal) I - Ice C - Compress E - Elevate
Things to avoid after injury
HARM
H - Heat
A - Alcohol
R - Running (don’t ignore the injury)
M - Massage (can cause more swelling/bleeding)
Return to Play Protocol / Timeline of Injury
Subsequent Treatment for Musculoskeletal Injury
Pain Relief
(bottom of analgesic ladder)
Regain Full Movement
Primary aim of treatment once initial trauma is settled
Muscle Strengthening
Provide support during early recovery phase, to prevent re-injury & return you to everyday function & sport
Proprioceptive Training
Injury causes nerve pathway damage that affects your ability to control your joint position - proprioception
