Introduction to Radiology on Neck & Thorax (REVISE)

Question 1

Neck Imaging Modality for Bones

Answer 1

Plain Film & CT

Question 2

Neck Imaging Modality for Spinal Cord & Nerves

Answer 2

MRI

Question 3

Neck Imaging Modality for Soft Tissues (glands, lymph nodes, muscles)

Answer 3

Ultrasound, CT & MRI

Question 4

Neck Imaging Modality for Vessels

Answer 4

Ultrasound, CT & MRI

Question 5

Cervical Spine X-Ray Landmarks

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the 3 lines of a cervical spine x-ray

Answer 6

Question 7

Which imaging modality would be used

Answer 7

so true bestie

Question 8

Neck Imaging Angles

Answer 8

REVISE (WILL NOT TAKE TOO LONG TO ADD YOU JUST NEED TO ADD PICTURES, JUST SLIDES 18-25 ARE FINE)

Question 9

Thorax Imaging Modality for Lungs

Answer 9

Plain film & CT

Question 10

Thorax Imaging Modality for Heart

Answer 10

Ultrasound & MRI

** CT SHOWS SNAPSHOT AND DOESN’t SHOW ITS DYNAMIC FUNCTION

Question 11

Thorax Imaging Modality for Bone

Answer 11

Plain film & CT

Question 12

Thorax Imaging Modality for Spinal Cord & Nerves

Answer 12

MRI

Question 13

Thorax Imaging Modality for Vessels

Answer 13

CT

Question 14

Carina on CXR

Answer 14

Question 15

Major Fissure of Lungs

Answer 15

Another name for the oblique fissures of either lung

Question 16

Minor Fissure

Answer 16

Another word for the horizontal fissure of the right lung

Question 17

Which angle of CT shows a better angle of the lung lobes

Answer 17

Saggital CT Scan

Question 18

What divides the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum

Answer 18

The anterior is anterior to the pericardium, the middle is within and the posterior is posterior to the mediastinum and anterior to the vertebral column

Question 19

What divides the superior and inferior mediastinum

Answer 19

The Sternal Angle

Question 20

REVISE ADD PICTURE OF THE PARTS OF THE HEART INDICATED ON X-RAY

Question 21

GO THROUGH LECTURE AND DONT MAKE NOTES, BUT JUST OBSERVE THE AXIAL CT SCANS

Question 22

DR ABCDE

Answer 22

CXR Interpretation Technique

Demographics
Radiograph quality

Airway
Breathing
Cardiac
Diaphragm
Everything Else

Question 23

Discuss the R of DR ABCDE

Answer 23

Radiograph quality

Rotation (medial end of clavicles should be equidistant from spinous processes)

Inspiration (Anterior part of 5th-7th ribs should meet diaphragm at midclavicular line)

Penetration (Should be able to make out vertebral anatomy)

Exposure technique (AP vs PA, erect or supine)

Question 24

Why PA not AP in CXR

Answer 24

Less beam divergence in PA (AP shows enlarged heart/mediastinum)
Lower dose (PA can be taken at greater distance from source)

Question 25

Why might AP often be taken

Answer 25

AP is often taken when a patient is supine, difficult to perform full inspiration though so lung may appear hazy

Question 26

Discuss the A of DR ABCDE

Answer 26

Airway

Is trachea central or aerated

Carina angle (<100 degrees could indicate pathology)

Question 27

Discuss the B of DR ABCDE

Answer 27

Breathing

Systemically compare both lungs for symmetry
Ensure lung markings can be seen extending to periphery

Question 28

Discuss the C of DR ABCDE

Answer 28

Cardiac

Ensure heart borders are well demarcated

CTR (<0.5 on PA) and cardiomediastinal outline

Density shoukd be homogenous and lung markings should be visible behind heart

Question 29

Discuss the D of DR ABCDE

Answer 29

Diaphragm

Ensure hemidiaphragms are well demarcated

Follow all the way to costophrenic & costodiaphragmatic angles

Check below hemidiaphragm for free gas

Question 30

Discuss the E of DR ABCDE

Answer 30

Everything Else

Hilar (Ensure R not higher than L)
Implants & Devices (indicates patient’s history)
Line and Tubes (indicates patients current state)
Apices (masses and small pneumothoraces can be easily missed)
Ribs (and other bones to assess for fractures/metastases)

Question 31

How might a right pleural effusion look on a CXR

Answer 31

Question 32

How might a left tension pneumothorax look on a CXR

Answer 32