VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

Question 1

aortic valves problems common in?

Answer 1

men

Question 2

mitral valve problems common in?

Answer 2

women

Question 3

solutions to valve problems?

Answer 3

mechanical prosthesis

bioprosthesis

*considered during worsening symptoms and syncope

Question 4

what is this?

can be narrow, or leaky
normal valve area is 2.5 cm
critical stenosis is 0.8 cm
in people born with bicuspid aortic valve

tx: valve replacement

exertion angina and syncope, some asymptomatic, caution in use with after load reducers

Answer 4

aortic stenosis

Question 5

leaflets do not seal

endocarditis, rheumatic fever, collagen vascular

often with bicuspid valve or other aortic anomaly

stroke volume increased causing left sided HF with gradual chamber enlargement

Answer 5

aortic insufficiency

Question 6

less common
seen in women
often 20-40 years delay from rheumatic fever episode
atrial fibrillation is common

causes right sided heart failure
hemoptysis and rosy cheeks
mitral valve repair

Answer 6

mitral stenosis

Question 7

common in women
palpitates, chest pain, anxiety
cessation of caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine

mid systolic click followed by crescendo murmur

Answer 7

mitral valve prolapse

Question 8

causes: infection, rheumatic fever, MVP

chronic overload can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy, decreased EF, and HF

Answer 8

mitral regurgitation

Question 9

non valvular problems?

Answer 9

ASD
VSD
PDA
HOCM
aortic aneurysm

Question 10

replacement valve patients are put on AC?

Answer 10

heparin

Question 11

not for mechanical valves but for forafib, DVT, PE)

Answer 11

DOACs