EM POD 2 Flashcards
Exams for neuro?
vital signs full neuro exam check eyes and neck ENT exam check for rashes CT scans lumbar puncture CBC, chemistries
secondary headache examples?
subarachnoid hemorrhage acute meningitis temporal arteritis hypertension glaucoma toxins space occupying lesions
headache warning signs
new, different or worse headaches any alteration in LOC unexplained neuro signs non supple neck other signs like fever high risk patients
prodrome, aura vasoconstriction, ha, post drome
with or without an aura
hemiplegic migraine
ophthalmoplegic migraine: transient paralysis of third nerve muscles
status migrainous
migraine headaches
name this seizure type?
stiffening and rhythmic jerking trunk/extremities
tonic-clonic seizures
name this seizure type?
stiffening only
tonic
name this seizure?
rhythmic jerking
clonic
name this seizure?
sudden brisk muscle jerks unilaterally/bilateral-arms
myoclonic
name this seizure?
sudden muscle control loss especially legs, causing a fall
atonic
name this seizure?
sudden staring, decrease LOC
absence
state in which seizures are so frequent or repeated lasting at least 30 minutes and no time in bwt for recovery
neuro emergency-cell death from increased metabolic demands and neuro exhaustion
status epilepticus
main causes of seizures?
fever infections low anticonvulsant levels trauma increased activity in seizure disorder
NIH: 3 mo-5 yr no defined cause generalized, tonic clonic last 15 minutes, usually less than 5 min no focal deficit, todds paralysis short post ictal, then normal no neuro sequalae 30-40% have recurrence
benign febrile seizures
what is this seizure?
brief, last 5-10 seconds more common in school age, females 6-8 yrs old staring, eyelid fluttering, black stare no post ictal phase typical EEG pattern, treatable
absence seizures
three most common causes for allergy and anaphylaxis?
IV PCN, Hymenoptera stings, food related, also eggs
what is an anaphylactoid reaction?
not IgE mediated, mast cells, but similar
cat bites d/t?
human bites d/t?
pasturella multicoda
Eikenella corrodens
prolonged exposure to wet and cold above freezing, mimics frost bite, liquefaction gangrene more common with this than frostbite
trench foot
heat lost to environment from non insulated body areas
radiation
heat transfer d/t direct contact?
conduction
heat transfer d/t movement of heated material
convection
heat transfer due to loss of water from body?
evaporation
name this heat illness?
painful contraction of larger muscle groups during or right after strenuous activity in heat
no mental changes
tx is IV or oral fluids and electrolyte replacement
heat cramps
name this heat illness?
volume depletion in face of heat stress resulting in hyperpyrexia, N/V, light headedness, dehydration, no AMS
tx is IV fluid replacement, checking electrolytes, anti nausea medicine
heat exhaustion
